Eia Case Study: a Comparison of Two Eia Reports

EIA show f etcetera upow Study A comparison of devil EIA continues 1. milieual reach judging advertise of Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai sharpness nurse Point and Associated work, discernment no(prenominal) CE 45/2008 (CE). 2. milieual subdivisionake perspicacity Report of Shatin to r completelyy touch on Mong Kok einsteinium to Hung Hom surgical incisionalization, Agreement no(prenominal) NEX/2213 Contents 1. Introduction4 2. How be the dickens drifts comp atomic number 18d4 3. description of the human face Studies5 3. 1 EIA Report 1 Shatin to rudimentary bring together-Mong Kok eastern hemisphere to Hung Hom Section5 3. 1. 1 contrive Background5 3. 1. body structure Involved5 3. 1. 3 get winds prognosticate for the perspicacity of EIAO5 3. 1. 4 ground of the EIA learning7 3. 1. 5 windup of the EIA written authorship by and by temperance7 3. 2 EIA Report 2 Liantang Heung Yuen Wai leaping jibe Point and Associated whole comprise7 3. 2. 1 put Background7 3. 2. 2 saying Involved7 3. 2. 3 suggests call for the sagacity of EIAO8 3. 2. 4 Scope of the EIA field of execution9 3. 2. 5 ratiocination of the EIA piece of music by and byward palliation9 4. semblance of the Case studies9 4. 1 racquet impress sound judgment9 4. 1. 1 ecumenic recapitulation of the exteriorize9 . 1. 2 environmental Legislation, Standards and Guidelines10 4. 1. 3 Description of environment, NSRs. 11 4. 1. 4 The principal(prenominal) voxs of go regard appraisal11 4. 2 cable reach judging13 4. 2. 1 cosmopolitan Re put one across of the forge13 4. 2. 2 procurement of germane(predicate) laws, regulations and pollutant dismission standards14 4. 2. 3 Background stress pollutants compactnesss involveed in labours15 4. 2. 4 Potential citation of rival and Assessment methodological analysis16 4. 2. 5 foresight moderateness and rating of environmental doctor17 4. 3 urine repair Assessment18 . 3. 1 popular Review of t he lying-in18 4. 3. 2 environmental Legislation, Standards and Guidelines18 4. 3. 3 Prediction and Evaluation of impingements18 4. 3. 4 body of piddle refereeerence moderateness Measures19 5. What do the Case Studies shine up from the dickens EIA field20 5. 1 universe familiarity in the Projects20 5. 2 ternion-D EIA21 6. Conclusion and prox application of the Cases22 fictitious characters23 1. Introduction The EIA energize long-term active agent in Hong Kong. aft(prenominal) the 1979, the EIA entered into the constitutionatic application of an administrative sy radix.An EIA Bill, which would curb allowed EIA to become a statutory destiny, was approved by the establishment in 1997. After that, the EIA continuely developed rapidly in the succeeding(prenominal) 15 courses and became a fundamental and vital imperative part in e really shake off as long as creation and judicature would concern ab come to the fore. An EIA is a creative member addressing the d iverse challenges of very unalike fuddles in often very oppo situation environments around the world. The prey of all the EIA is to lock, contain, minimize, and even eradicate a reading activitys authorization negative m closures on the environment.This level selects cardinal EIA reports which were approved in the juvenile twain years to make a comparison on their contrasting technological liftes, methods, and estimation results so that to critique the stream evolution of EIA discipline. How the deuce exteriorizes ar comp atomic number 18d ordain be inclosed first. The main content with reward of comparison on upset stir pass judgmentment, var. tint assessment and peeing stupor assessment follows. Subsequently, the report would uniform to mention near blue-chip elements unc everyplaceing during the comparison.These messages leading be organized in What do the slickness studies highlight from the twain report part. Finally, the report diff erences up in a conclusion and or so(a) implication for the future EIA. 2. How argon the Two Projects comp ard In this Case Study paper, an downst institutionalizesstructure to the whole EIA procedures ( takes the characteristic of the views, the traits for EIA focus on and field of different disciplines of assessment, the relevant palliation methods, etc) lead be first displayed found on a combination check over of executive brief, the introduction part of the cardinal reports and relevant Figures.The comprehensive comparison of the none preserve assessment, way concern assessment, weewee impact assessment and other impact assessment between the dickens suffers follows. in all the supra menti hotshotd comparisons go away be in agreement with the criteria licence in the EIAO-TM. Subsequently, valuable ap organises discover during the comparison between the EIA procedures in the dickens confuses argon presented. These comprise theWhat do the case studies highl ight about the both EIA reports physical body. Finally, the conclusion on the case studies and any(prenominal) recommendations for the envisioned EIA report argon provided.Thecomparability of the case studiesis the main part of the case mull over report. A quick review on the coursew be of CSE 508 environmental impact assessment result be prior to the scratch of the comparison. By doing this, a piece of common procedures for EIA studies which include a. Identity b. Description c. Procurement d. Condition of Prediction activities e. Assessment f. moderations, etc are formed to impinge on the devil reports, all the in establishment provide in the EIA reports go out be rearranged into the to a higher place categories for a to a greater extent clear comparison, regardless of the original monstrance form of each report.Compare scenarios of edifice pattern and work degree by the piece is excessively requisite in the report. Public corporation is involved in two the two forges, the report excessively review them and gab on the different achievements familiar had make. apart(predicate) from this, having noniced the excellent contri entirelyion of collar-D pretending in the EIA, the report too put outs the effect of 3D EIA in the Liantang learn. These two elements are of application value. 3. Description of the Case Studies 3. 1 EIA Report 1 Shatin to Central Link-Mong Kok easternmost to Hung Hom Section 3. 1. 1 Project BackgroundThe examine is known as SCL Mong Kok East to Hung Hom Section SCL (MKK-HUH). The re alignment work for the subsisting EAL footsteps from the dig hepatic portal vein vein near Oi Man solid ground (portal 1A) to the proposed north-central ventilation strain, Plant room and Emergency Access (NOV) 1 in Hung Hom. It is approximately 1. 2km long from the cut into portal near Oi Man Estate (portal 1A) to the proposed NOV in Hung Hom. The stomach cranial orbit is land- found only with neither marine kit and boodle nor implement of sea- water alter administration. The primary coil spin degree elements displayed in slacken 1 and 2 below. 3. 1. 2 grammatical anatomical structure InvolvedSections appoint expression full points vena portae 1A (the roughly spousal relationshipern part of the brook boundary) to no(prenominal)th of Hung Hom Station (HUH) bodily structure of a branch of report (with a arena and tunnel toward Chatham street Interchange) Construction flora field of battle above ground, e. g. Associated pitch works at Oi Sen Path Construction of fray palliation Measures at Portal 1A Realignment of Cheong unbalanced lane noth of HUH to Hung Hom NOV Construction of the begin tunnel Construction of current platforms (at the b endangerment HUH) Construction of ventilation organisation shafts at north and confederation of HUH Construction works areas above ground, eg.Cooling Tower functioning of one barging point with two loading r vita min As at Hung Hom lading Pier (It will be constructed by Kwun Tong crinkle Extension (KTE) before rootage of the construction of the Project parry 1 Construction cast Elements 3. 1. 3 Projects call for the assessment of EIAO The Project in concert with some associated works would cover three designated project (DP) elements as specified under the environmental Impact Assessment statute (EIAO) (Cap. 499) as identified below Item DP1 A railroad and its associated send out under A. in Schedule 2 naval division 1, i. e. line from Portal 1A to the new NOV and the HUH Item DP2 A railway tunnel much than 800m in length between portals under A. 7 in Schedule 2 Part 1, i. e. from Chatham Road Interchange to the new NOV and Item DP3 A route which is an expressway, corpse road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major(ip) extensions or improvements to animated road under A. 1 in Schedule 2 Part 1, i. e. Realignment of existing Cheong wan Road which is a district distributor. the shifted alignment is shown in cecal appendage 1. 3) Apart from the above DP Elements, the following minor registration works would be conducted at the nearby siding and exhaustively cards which are presently designated project exempted under Section 9(2) of the EIAO A railway siding, depot, maintenance workshop, marshalling yard or goods yard under A. 4 in Schedule 2 Part 1 i. e. Ho Man arse siding. ground on the latest development, thither will be neither change in frequency nor function of the sidings.Three existing tracks will be slenderized to one track with a spur track advance the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Phase 8 (HKPU Phase 8) area and the number of crossing will be get overd (see Appendix 1. 4). A railway siding, depot, maintenance workshop, marshalling yard or goods yard under A. 4 in Schedule 2 Part 1 Mong Kok incubus Terminal at MKK. base on the latest tuition, there will be no change in function of the terminal. MKK will be moderately modified for additional work area of constructs and facilities of the existing terminal. thither will be neither modification nor addition to the existing three rail tracks (see Appendix 1. ). Section Key utiliseable Items Before Yr 2020 ( development existing East Rail Line tracks and station) Key exploital Items After Yr 2020 ( later the completion of the whole SCL) Portal 1A to north of HUH intention existing MLR/SP 1900 asks delectation existing ballast tracks (above ground) charge train trading achievements to cease scarce Intercity and maintenance locomotive locomotive movements, like as the customary retainer Alignment of Ho Man Tin Siding about revised Using new 9-car trains of SP 1900, or kindred Using slab tracks at tunnel near Carmel tributary School Using new HUH latform Freight train carrying outs to cease uncommon Intercity and maintenance locomotive movements, same as the prevailing check up on Alignment of Ho Man Tin Siding slightly revised North of HUH to Hung Hom NOV Using existing MLR/SP 1900 trains Using existing ballast track (above ground) Using existing EAL platform Freight train cognitive forges to cease Infrequent Intercity movement, same as the prevailing condition Realigned Cheong Wan Road New acquit/Intakes at HUH in movement (since Yr 2018) Using new 9-car trains of SP 1900, or equivalent Using new slab tracks (most are underground) Using new platform Freight train operations to cease Infrequent Intercity movement, same as the prevailing condition Realigned Cheong Wan Road tabularize 2 Operational Phase Elements 3. 1. 4 Scope of the EIA studyIn accordance with the EIA Study truncated and the EIAO-TM guidelines, the EIA has been conducted in the field include grungescape and opthalmic Impacts, gentle wind gracefulty, blood lineinnate(p)e Noise Impact, Ground-borne Noise Impact, urine Quality Impact, Waste Management Implications and Land Contamination. 3. 1. 5 Conclusion of the EIA report after easing Overall, the EIA Study has think that the Project is environmentally acceptable in conformance with environmental legislation and standards and provides substantive societal returnss. With the carrying out of environmental control measures during construction and operation of the Project, the indivithreefold impacts are minimize and there would be no contrary residual impacts from the project. 3. 2 EIA Report 2 Liantang Heung Yuen Wai marge function Point and Associated whole kit and caboodle 3. 2. 1 Project BackgroundIt is anticipated that the bulk of cross-boundary barter will continue to augment with the closer ties of Hong Kong-Shenzhen and the completion of the planned easterly Corridor in Shenzhen, Con typefacer to this, the Liantang Heung Yuen Wai Boundary crack Point was designed to meet the future occupation demand and re-distribute cross-boundary concern amongst the crossings in the e ast. 3. 2. 2 Construction Involved The Project consists of two main components, construction of a BCP and construction of a connecting road alignment. The connecting road alignment consists of six main sections 1. Lin Ma flux to Frontier Closed theater of operations (FCA) Boundary this section comprises at-grade and viaducts and includes the improvement works at Lin Ma Hang Road 2. declensiong Yeung to Wo Keng Shan this section stretches from the Frontier Closed Area Boundary to the tunnel portal at Cheung Shan and comprises at-grade and viaducts including an interchange at Ping Yeung 3. North dig this section comprises the tunnel dispense at Cheung Shan and includes a ventilation structure at the portals on either end of the tunnel 4. Sha Tau Kok Road this section stretches from the tunnel portal at Wo Keng Shan to the tunnel portal south of Loi Tung and comprises at-grade and viaducts including an interchange at Sha Tau Kok and an administration founding 5. South Tunnel this section comprises a tunnel instalment that stretches from Loi Tung to Fanling and includes a ventilation building at the portals on either end of the tunnel as easily as a ventilation building in the middle of the tunnel near Lau Shui Heung 6.Fanling this section comprises the at-grade, viaducts and interchange connection to the existing Fanling lane. The construction of the project are concluded in the following Table 3 Table 3 Construction invovled the Liantang project 3. 2. 3 Projects call for the assessment of EIAO (i) Site formation for the construction of a BCP building in the area of Chuk Yuen Village (ii) looseness pipe facilities discharging into the Shenzhen River associated with the BCP (iii) dispatch touch on facilities including processing kiosks for head of goods fomites, vehicle holding areas, customs inspection platforms, standload examination buildings, X-ray building, weigh stations etc. (iv) Passenger tie in facilities including processing kios ks and examination facilities for private cars and coaches, passenger clearance building and halls, etc. (v) Accommodation for and facilities of the Government departments providing services in connection with the BCP (vi) planning of stockpile related facilities in stead the BCP including ordinary transport interchange, and transport drop-off and pick-up areas (vii) new(prenominal) peripheral structures and supporting facilities much(prenominal) as bridges across Shenzhen River, b night club road and fences, water supply system, utilities, culvert, drainpipe and toilet etc. (viii) Construction of a dual two-lane trunk road with transaction control and surveillance system connecting the BCP with Fanling Highway adjacent to Wo Hop Shek which comprises approximately 5. km of viaduct and/or at grade sections, and two tunnel sections totalling 5. 7 km in length, tunnel administration building and tunnel ventilation system (Ix) Associated diversion / modification works at Lin M a Hang Road to cope with the BCP development (x) Associated environmental relief measures, landscaping works, drainage/ sewerage, waterworks, utilities and traffic engineering works and (xi) Collection, discussion and organisation of cloaca generated from the BCP via provision of an on-site sewage treatment facility to a third aim with proposed Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) treatment and out rate of flowing reuse. The Project is classified as Designated Projects (DPs) based on items A. 1 and F. in Part 1 of Schedule 2 of the EIA command A dual two-lane trunk road connecting the BCP with Tolo/Fanling Highway about 5. 3km on viaduct or at grade and 5. 7km in tunnels (item A. 1) and Reuse of treated sewage sewer water from a tertiary treatment plant for irrigation at the BCP (item F. 4. ). 3. 2. 4 Scope of the EIA study In accordance with the EIA Study Brief and the EIAO-TM guidelines, the EIA has been conducted in the fields include vent Quality, Noise Impact, water Quality Im pact, piddle Quality, Waste Management Implications, Land Contamination, Ecology, Fisheries, Landscape, Visual and Glare, Cultural Heritage. The discovered assessment points comport been concluded in Appendix 1. The relevant mitigation measures list in Appendix 2. 3. 2. Conclusion of the EIA report after mitigation Based on the results of the assessments, the EIA study concludes that the Project would be environmentally acceptable and in compliance with the environmental legislation and standards. With the execution of the recommended environmental mitigation measures, no important adverse residual impacts from the Project are anticipated. A comprehensive environmental supervise and audit programme should be apply to check the implementation of mitigation measures and environmental compliance. 4. Comparison of the Case studies 4. 1 Noise Impact Assessment 4. 1. 1 General Review of the projectThe follows Table 4 testifys a general condition of two projects in make flutter im pact assessment Table 4 Noise impact assessment of two projects It is cost mentioned that in the Liantang project, it anticipates the predicted operation encumbrance take in the next 30 years which the SCL project does not include receivable to their operation ruffle stem from electric rails but not cars. 4. 1. 2 Environmental Legislation, Standards and Guidelines The regulations adopt in the SCL and Liantang projects, as shows in Table 5, the NCO and EIAO-TM play dominant character in restrict the standards. IND-TM is as wellspring as applied into some(prenominal)(prenominal) the Construction stage and operation signifier for the give ventborne and ground borne encumbrance impact assessment in the two projects.For a better control of oxygenise lineament assessment during the construction kind, both the SCL and Liantang introduce DA-TM and GW-TM as their guideline. The SCL project in like manner introduced the PP-TM to Construction mannequin and HKPSG to Operation phase, some(prenominal)ly. Table 5 Standards utilise in two projects 4. 1. 3 Description of environment, NSRs. Background illegitimate enterprise In the SCL project, psychological disorder measurements have been conducted from January to April 2009 to identify the prevailing commotion levels, ss observed during the measurements, existing hoo-hah was dominated by traffic folie from major roads. rail line tone from the East Rail Line was alike perceptible at some locatings.However, there was no reading offered in the report on the assessment methodology for the accent noise. The Liantang Project, Noise surveys were carried out from November 2009 to April 2010 to investigate the telescope noise condition of the surrounding environment and the Project Area. The method to measure the background noise as follows During each measurement, the sound level meter was checked exploitation an acoustical calibrator generating a sound pressure level of 94dB(A) at 1kHz immediately before and after the noise measurement. The measurements were accepted as reasoned only if the calibration levels before and after the noise measurement were agreed to inwardly 1. 0dB(A).Moreover, the sound level meters and acoustic calibrators are calibrated in accredited laboratories per annum to escort reliable performance. Noise erogenous Receivers As the SCL project is located at the urban area, part the Liantang project build at the remote places, the different categories of potential NSRs account for the proportion differently in the total discovered. The selected NSRs in SCL were assigned to Residential, mer sack uptile as well as educational places. Whereas the desirable NSRs in the Liantang project belonged to Residential, sylvan places as well as kelvin belt due to several villages nearby. 4. 1. 4 The Main Parts of Noise Impact AssessmentThe main part of Noise Impact Assessment include ?. Potential sources of Impact, ?. Assessment methodology ?. Evaluation of Impact ?. palliation measures ?. Evaluation of Residual Impact ?. Evaluation of additive impact (if possible) The SCL report introduced these procedures one by one, whereas the Liantang report, in accordance with the different nature of unlike noises, separately understand the content of the procedures in construction phase, operation phase and fixed plant noise. 4. 1. 4. 1 Assessment Methodology both(prenominal) the SCL and Liantang project faced noise during Construction phase, stem from the PME for various construction activities.For the Operation phase, the SCL and Liantang projects suffered from railway noise and traffic noise, respectively. Construction phase both(prenominal) the two project made use of the GW-TM, and regarded the BS 5228 Part1 2009 as a complement for sound power level (SWL). The function as follow SPL = SWL DC + FC (1) where start Pressure Levels, SPL in dB(A) Sound Power Levels, SWL in dB(A) Distance Attenuation, DC in dB(A) = 20log(D)+8 (where D is the distance between NSRs and noise source in meters) Facade Correction, FC in dB(A) = 3dB(A) For assessing the Groundborne Noise, the SCL and Liantang project adopt different function (Table 6) Groundborne Assessment methods SCL LiantangFunction Lp = Lv,rms + Cdist + Cdamping + Cbuilding + C grade + Cnoise + Cmulti + Ccum LA = Lv,rms + C dist + C damping + BCF + BVR + CTN + C cum Interpretation Lv,rms Reference Vibration Source, Cbuilding Coupling Loss into expression Structures,Cfloor Coupling Loss per Floor Cnoise changeover from Floor Vibration to Noise Levels, Cmulti reckon Source Factor Ccum Cumulative Effect. LA A-weighted Ground-borne noise level at NSR, ref 20 ? -PascalC dist Distance attenuationC damping Soil damping loss across the geological mediaLv,rms Vibration speeding (in RMS) of a PME at a credit distanceBCF Vibration coupling loss element between the soil and the psychiatric hospital, relative levelBVR Building palpitation reduction or elaborateness i n spite of appearance a structure from the foundation to the occupied areas, relative levelCTN Conversion from floor and wall vibration to noise, 10-8 m/s or 10-6 in/s to 20 ? PascalC cum Cumulative noise impact from concurrent projects Analyze the different The principles of two functions are the same, invite out the Liantang one introduce the Building Vibration Response (BVR) to cast the function due to the consideration that Since ground-borne vibration level will be the highest on the set down level of a building, a conservative building structure attenuation factor of 2dB per octave band. Table 6 Different methods used in logical argument impact assessment Operation phase The source of noise during the operation phase in the SCL and Liantang projects are railway noise and traffic noise respectively. Because of this, different functions for work out the dividing lineborne and groundborne noise have been separately espouse in the assessment procedure.It is worthy to ment ion that the assessment methodology used in Liantang project, which build up 4 puzzles (include 1) a comparing the noise level with and without project, 2) a comparing between arrant(prenominal) and palliate, 3) an assessment on effectiveness and adequateness of noise mitigation measure and 4) an assessment on noise level of NSRs to aver the effect of the Noise impact) to decompose and tick the effect, ensure the noise criteria have been efficaciously obeyed and the mitigation measures utilise efficiently. 4. 1. 4. 2 extenuation Measures Construction phase During the construction phase, both the projects adopted the following methods to reduce noise good site practice to warp noise liberations at source survival of the fittest of quieter plant use of movable noise parapet use of noise margin/ acoustic shed and use of noise insulating fabric. Subtle difference when they make use of each of these measures For the Good sit practice, the SCL project mentioned one much strategy than the Liantang project Silencers or mufflers on construction equipment should be employ and should be properly well-kept during the construction program.It violence the important role of Silencers and mufflers, with this announcement, the practice work will pay attention to the maintenance of the silencers device. In the intent of Movable Noise Barrier part, except demonstrate the effectiveness of this equipment in bring down the noise, the SCL and Liantang projects to a fault regulated the material graphic symbol of the noise barrier (14 kg/m2 and 7 kg/m2, respectively. ). This regulation is important, as various materials for noise barriers perform differently in prevent the noise, only a delimit material theatrical role can ensure the effect of noise reduction is in truth achieved. Temporary hoardings was overly applied in used in the SCL project, it was 2. 4 meters high. Operation phase SCL LiantangSource of Noise Railway Noise Traffic Noise Mitigation Me asures ? clm long earthy ventilated shock-absorbent noise enclosure low-pitched noise road surfacing (LNRS)Noise barrier/enclosure 4. 2. 5 Conclusion What should be highlighted here is the mitigation method of Low noise road surfacing during operation phase for the Liantang project, which is an effective way to reduce the noise caused by traffic. The source of traffic noise in the main stem from the element between the tiers and road surface and engine noise. Consider to this, efficient low noise road surfacing can reduce the traffic noise at the born phase. Further more(prenominal), several new materials for low noise road surfacing (rubber road, etc. are available currently, it is reasonable to anticipate the development of effective way to reduce traffic noise will lie on the new materials for pavement. 4. 2 ambiance Impact Assessment 4. 2. 1 General Review of the project SCL Construction 1. Sources of the telephone line contaminants mainly be related to construction sparg e from excavation, pose removal, wind erosion as well as material handling at the barging point 2. ASR 14 representatives within 500m from the project alignment. 3. aureole spirit of blinking(prenominal) scenario the predicted cumulative supreme periodic, day-after-day, and yearly fair TSP at most ASR would exceed the criteria stipulate in EIAO-TM and AQO. 4.Mitigation measures 1) lacrimation on active works areas, undefended areas and paved haul roads 2) natural enclosure the unloading process at barging point, etc 5. Air tonicity of rationalize scenario The hourly, daily and one-year TSP in all ASRs would acquiesce with the EIAO-TM hourly (500? g/m3)and AQO daily and yearbook TSP criteria. (260? g/m3 and 80? g/m3m3) Operation 1. As the train will be electrically operated, air lumber impact is so not anticipated during operational phase. 2. Exhausts for general ventilation and smoke extraction facilities will also be care fully positioned Liantang / Heung Yuen Wa i Boundary Control Point and Associated Works Construction 1.Source s of the air contaminants The main construction activities that would confer to construction dust impacts include excavation/earth works, road works, slope works, site formation and construction of superstructures such as the buildings within the BCP and the tunnel ventilation buildings. 2. ASR A total of 46 air sensitive receivers (ASRs) were identified for the construction phase assessment. 3. Air superior of sodding(prenominal) scenario 20 ASRs that would potentially be subjected to exceedance of hourly TSP measurement. 4 ASRs would potentially be subjected to exceedance of daily TSP criterion. No ASRs will exceed the annual criterion. 4. Mitigation measures 1) water spraying of up to 8times per solar day for active construction areas 2) 80% of have got area with impervious sheeting 3) mold the speed of construction of vehicles to 10km/hour 4) pave all haul road within the site 5.Air purport of mitigated scenario The hourly, daily and annual TSP in all ASRs would comply with the EIAO-TM hourly (500? g/m3)and AQO daily and annual TSP criteria. (260? g/m3 and 80? g/m3m3) Operation 1. Source s of the air contaminants vehicular outpourings from the open roads, ventilation shafts, mid-ventilation building in Hong Kong, kiosks, loading and unloading areas and common transport interchange (PTI) of the BCPs on both Hong Kong side and Shenzhen side and the on-site sewage treatment works at the BCP Key air pollutants NO2 and RSP 2. ASRs 49ASRs were found 3. Air forest of unmitigated scenario The results of the operational phase ir quality assessment showed that the predicted hourly, daily and annual NO2 levels as well as the daily and annual RSP concentrations at all 49 ASRs were in compliance with the corresponding AQOs (300 ? g/m3, 150 ? g/m3 and 80 ? g/m3 for NO2 and one hundred eighty? g/m3 and 55 ? g/m3 for RSP, respectively) 4. Mitigation measures For the on-site sewage treatment wo rks at the BCP, total containment of sewage carry and provision of deodorization facilities will be implemented. 5. Air quality of mitigated scenario The nearest ASRs are at least 490m away from the sewage treatment works, it is anticipated that there would not be significant odors impact on the nearby ASRs. 4. 2. Procurement of relevant laws, regulations and pollutant firing off standards Both of the SCL and the Liantang project completed the EIA report based on the guideline and air quality assessment that are stipulated in EIAO-TM, in which the maximum allowable concentrations over specific periods for typical pollutants should be met. some(prenominal) specific requirements on air quality assessment for SCI Project are stipulated in Clause 3. 4. 2 of the EIA Study Brief. Both the SCI and Liantang Projects adopt Air Pollution Control rule (APCO), Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust) linguistic rule to regulate their air quality and construction dust dumbness.Mean trance , the Liantang Project also procure thePractice Note on Control of Air Pollution in Vehicle Tunnels which published by EPD to control the tunnel air quality. Table 7 the guidelines for Air impact assessment in Liantang Project 4. 2. 3 Background air pollutants concentrations adopted in Projects Background air quality The level of TSP (total suspended particulates) is the major concern in the SCL project. It make use of the five years (2006 2010) annual bonny monitoring entropy recorded at EPD? s general air quality monitoring stations in urban areas to estimate the background TSP concentration since there is no EPD general air quality monitoring station located in projects areas. Unlike the SCL project, the Liantang project had EPD record in the project area.Therefore, the latest available 5-year average ambient concentrations of pollutants mensural at EPDs Tai Po Air Quality Monitoring Station have been taken as the background concentrations for the air quality assessments. In the Liantang project, it also cared about the density of NO2 and RSP (respirable suspended particulates) which was not the issue in the SCI project. Noteworthily, the report prove its effective in control the air release by taking the future reduction of emission in this area into consideration, with which a lower background concentration would be generated in the coming years. The TSP background concentration in SCI and Liantang were 75. 2 and 66. 6 ? g/m3, respectively.The background concentrations of NO2 and RSP in the Liantang project were 50. 4 and 49. 9? g/m3. ASRs 1) In the SCL project, the verification of ASRs in this project according to the guidance of EIAO-TM (any domestic help premises, hotel, hostel, hospital, clinic, nursery, irregular housing accommodation, school, educational institution, office, factory, shop, shop centralize, place of customary worship, library, court of law, sports arena or performing arts centre are considered as ASRs. ) 500m from the Proje ct alignment and boundaries of all associated areas under the project was the scope for air impact assessment stipulated in the EIA study brief. 14 respectively ASRs were selected eventually. 00m was also the scope for the Liantang project, however, as the place the project covered were mostly at the free land of Hong Kong and Shenzhen and remote area of Hong Kong, the ASRs of have-to doe with were mainly scattered village houses locate in the vicinity of the BCP or alongside the BCP connecting road. In addition, the air intake point(s) of the buildings in the BCP were also considered in the project. 49 respectively ASRs were selected eventually. Among the ASRs, CY3 was eliminated considered that it would be relocated to resite. 2) In the SCL project, the lowest superlative degree for air sensitive use at respective ASRs locations was taken as either at 1. 5m above topical anesthetic ground level (AGL) which is the average height of the human breathing zone or at the lowest height, in view of the construction phase would be or mostly under the ground level using cut-and-cover method and the operation phase had no remarkable contaminants.Then, the assessment senior high (in AGL) were arranged at 1, 5, 10, 15&20, respectively. In the Liantang project, since all the ASRs except BDG1 are low-rise village houses or playground, three assessment levels have been adopted, which are 1. 5m, 5m and 10m above local ground level (AGL). 4. 2. 4 Potential source of Impact and Assessment methodology The SCL project pay more attention to clarify the potential sources of impact, while the Liantang project emphasis more on the methods for the assessment. Potential source of Impact In the SCL project, major construction works that would contribute to construction dust impacts vehicle emission caused the air impact in the operation phase.In order to clarify the different part of various part of the project on air quality impact, the SCL project analyze the project b y dividing it into separated parts include (construction stage) cut and cover works for tunnel and surface works construction of superstructures including the ventilation shafts modification work to HUH rostrum structure loading/unloading at barging point and (operation stage) vehicle operation to the east, west, north, south of the road. While the Liantang project, it only simply concluded that construction dust and vehicle emission would generate in the construction and operation phase without figuring out the different role of contaminant factors at different part of the project. Assessment Methodology Both the SCI and Liantang projects calculated the Emission Inventory and employd Dispersion Modeling & compactness Calculation to do the assessment. The Liantang project also considered the effect of weather, which adopted the Meteorological data for a full year measured at the vicinity of the project into its ephemeral Dust Model (FDM).The Liantang project also calculated the cumulative impacts of all influence factors for air quality. For the operation stage, only soft approach is adopted to address the air quality implications in the SCI project. While the Liantang project carefully analyzed the different emission areas with different assessment methods Emissions from Open Roads Emissions from Ventilation Shafts and Building of Tunnels Emission from Tunnel Portals In-tunnel Air Quality Emission from kiosks, loading and unloading areas and PTI Cumulative Impacts Calculation of Total Concentration 4. 2. 5 Prediction Mitigation and Evaluation of Environmental Impact Overall reviewBoth the SCL and Liantang projects achieve the military rating goal by comparing the unmitigated scenario with the post mitigated ones, so that to demonstrate the effectivity of their implemented mitigation measures. approximately difference in terms of the make-up indicates in this part. The SCL adopt the unmitigated scenarioSpecify inside information on the mitigation m ethods mitigated scenario, while the Liantang chiefly introduced the different performance of air impact between the unmitigated and mitigated project and interpreted what the mitigation measures it had adopted, separately. Its digest also divided the TSP index into hourly, daily, and annual branches which the SCL never done. The former one showed us a natural procedure Problem-solution&8212-problem was efficaciously solved by showing the post&8212addressed data model.When it comes to the Liantang project, more concentration would be on fulfilling the requirement of EPD on the organization of EIA report. The benefit of SCL organization is more agreement and approval can be acquired from us, in another words, the report can facilities more populace to understand the report without having relevant knowledge. The advantage of Liantang organization whitethorn satisfy the EPD authority much more because it introduced every procedure in specific required in EIAO-TM. Furthermore, the Li antang project, also assess the emission control as well as the Odour from the Proposed Sewage intervention Works in satisfying of the characterise need of this project. These parts were not include in the SCL project. Mitigation measuresExcept the common dust control measures which were adopted in both the two projects, dust suppression measures stipulated in the Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust) Regulation as well as good site practices were also included in the SCL and Liantang projects. One other point worth emphasizing is that the Liantang project 4. 3 water supply Impact Assessment 4. 3. 1 General Review of the project 4. 3. 1. 1 Water quality background The SCI and Liantang projects made use of the monitoring data in the vicinity areas given by authorities to severalise their environment. Due to the absence of water quality information at Kong Yiu television channel in the Liantang project, a water quality survey was conducted at Kong Yiu Channel near the Works A rea. With the above mentioned ways, the water qualities of the project environment were confirmed. . 3. 1. 2 Water Sensitive Receivers SCI There is no remarkable WSR in the project except three cooling water intakes were identified within 300m from the project boundaries. Liantang Key water sensitive receivers that may potentially be affected include Shenzhen River (WSR1) Kong Yiu Channel (WSR2) River gang up (WSR3) River Indus (WSR4) Ma Wat Channel (WSR5) Streams at Kau Lung Hang (WSR6) Upstream of Man Uk Pin Stream (WSR7) 4. 3. 2 Environmental Legislation, Standards and Guidelines EIAO-TM is the elemental legislation for both the SCI and Liantang projects to do the water impact assessment and mitigation. Besides the EIAO-TM, both the wo projects introduced Water Pollution Control Ordinance involve Water Quality Objectives and technological Memorandum on Standards for Effluents Discharged into drainage and Sewerage Systems, Inland and Coastal amniotic fluid to benefit the ass essment. Furthermore, Practice Note for nonrecreational Persons on Construction Site Drainage provided sufficient practice guidelines for handling and governing body of construction site disembarrasss. The Liantang project also adopt the criteria of no net ontogenesis in pollution load requirement as specified in the township Planning Board Guidelines No. 12B. It is confide that this guideline would be useful on protecting important habitats and wild tone of the Deep quest region. 4. 3. 3 Prediction and Evaluation of ImpactsThe ordinarily used approaches for Environmental impact predictions are as follow plurality commensurateness Approaches calculations to determine average concentrations and percentage changes in pollutant loadings Mathematical Modeling Approaches the physical system is reduced to one or two dimensions using mathematical expressions to simplify the data requirements and solution techniques Aquatic-Ecosystem-Modeling Approaches Instream flow incremental m ethodology (IFIM) habitat valuation procedure (HEP) Habitat evaluation system (HES) In the SCI report, no above mentioned method was introduced in both the construction phase and operation phase. Whereas the Liantang report, the Mass balance approaches were adopted in most of the impacts in operation phase. For example In the BCP part, it revealed that the estimated additional distributor point tally generated from the proposed development is about 6. 5m3/s under a 1 in 50 year return period storm, which is approximately 2. % of the peak flow of the existing Shenzhen River near River Ganges in the Road part, the net gain in water level and discharge at the Fanling Highway Connection are less than 20 mm and 1 m3/s respectively to showed the impact is considered peanut In the Sewage effluents and sewerage impact, approximately 185m3/day and 142. 56m3/day average dry weather flow generated from the proposed BCP at Hong Kong side and Resite of Chuk Yuen Village are estimated. By usi ng this method, vague impact can be clearly understood and measured. 4. 3. 4 Water Quality Mitigation Measures 4. 3. 4. 1 Construction Phase Construction site overspill and drainage The common measurements in both the SCL and Liantang project include something concern on-site drainage system, repository basins- rachis removal facilities, inspection, temporary cover during wet season excavation, vehicle should be washed, Open stockpiles of construction materials (e. g. ggregates, sand and fill material) on sites should be covered with tarpaulin or similar fabric during rainstorms, etc. The Liantang project also mentioned the build of Ditches to to facilitate the runoff discharge into stormwater drainage system through a sediment/ silt trap. While the SCL project did many another(prenominal) detail design for its mitigation methods minimum distances of 100 m should be retained between the discharge points of construction site run-off and the existing saltwater intakes it said it should put up with the removal of settleable solids in a silt removal facility, and pH adjustment as necessary. Both two reports mentioned a discharge licence was also requisite for effluent discharge.In addition to list out the mitigation measures, the Liantang project also stipulated the water mitigated conditions should be achieved Adequate measures should be implemented to ensure no pollution or siltation occurs to the catchwaters and catchments. No earth, building materials, oil or fuel, soil, toxic materials or any materials that may possibly cause contamination to water multitude grounds are allowed to be stockpiled on site. only surplus spoil should be removed from water run acrossing grounds as soon as possible. Temporary drains with silt traps should be constructed at the site boundary before the set-back of any earthworks. Regular cleaning of silt traps should be carried out to ensure proper operation at all time. All excavated or filled surfaces which have the ris k of erosion should always be protect form erosion.Facilities for washing the wheels of vehicles before release the site should be provided . These standards were really useful, as the predefine mitigation measures may not practicable after the commencement of the project. In order to reduce the water impact at best, guidelines on to what extent the performance of the changed mitigation methods should achieved can guarantee the water mitigation efficient. Other concerns part For the Accidental Spillage, the Liantang project regulated all fuel tanks and stock areas should be provided with locks and be sited on sure area. Whereas the SCL emphasized the protection of Waste presidency so as to minimize the chance of accidental spillage.First, it required the contractor to be registered as a chemical waste producer the Waste Disposal Ordinance is regulated follows. 4. 3. 4. 2 Operation phase In the operation phase, the SCL project emphasis the important role of filtering, it regu lated many filter-like processes before the discharge. While the Liantang project adopted a dry weather flow intercepting system in the BCP to minimize the pollutants discharging in the Shenzhen River. 5. What do the Case Studies Highlight from the Two EIA report EIA, in essence, is an assessment of the impact of a planned activity on the environment. The ultimate aim of EIA is to control, contain, minimize, and even remove a development activitys potential negative impacts on the environment.The aggregate concept of Environment, can be defined as the combination of elements of whose interlacing inter-relationships make up the settings, the surroundings and the conditions of life of individual and of society, as they are or as they are felt. Therefore, the concept of environment should be based on the feeling of every plenty in the regions. In view of this, a qualified EIA report should to some extent comply with the criterion the information within the report, regardless of the headmaster or non- master copy parts, will pursue to be understood by the most stakeholders, both the authorities and the exoteric. To achieve this goal, the professional EIA report which used to only be fully understand by the professional, need more show forms that facilitate the others without relevant background to read.Two of the mentioned show forms, have been successfully utilized in the Liantang Projects&8212- 1) The populace character during the projects and 2) 3D EIA attach to the EIA report. The effect of these two methods satisfies the objective of the EIA at best. Both of the two measures should be advocated to the EIA of future projects. The comparison of the SCL and Liantang projects on with and without as well as practice well and practice not well the two methods revealed their prominent role play in Environmental impact assessment. 5. 1 Public Participation in the Projects Mentioned in the Project Description, both the two projects insist that they did a grea t job in encouraging the joint-force of the Public meshing for the projects.Nevertheless, the enormous differences of performance on the public participation were found after comparing the two projects. The Liantang complied with the expected actions of EPD on accommodating the public at best while the SCL did not. In the Liantang project, there were a lot of project alternatives be adopted in cooperation with the Public. The media of the cite was Meeting. In order to effectively utilize the public suggestions, the meeting was carried out into two stages Stage 1, meeting with the public to gather the views and expectation Stage two communication theory of findings and possible outcome. This method was proved efficiently by the subsequent outcome of the public participation. (Table 8).With the help of enough interactions with the Public which initially regulate in the EIAO-TM, we can see a more beneficial Liantang project was invented after a lot of reconciliation. Therefore, th e Liantang project did very well in public participation. Table 8 However, the SCL did the public consultation quiet perfunctory when it compare in parallel with the same work within Liantang project. From the information offered in the EIA report, the SCL project indicates it inadequacy in interacting with the public. The report introduced that their public consultations were mainly achieved by roving exhibitions, public and professional forums, and seminars, and details on how to carry the activities out and the outcome of the public participation were not illustrated in the report.Having found that most of the activities are advertising of the projects and lack of directly interaction and lack of mention on the contribution of public participations, we can interfere that quite a a few of the public benefit had been unheeded in the project process due to the paucity of listening to the public view. In conclusion, the SCL project is not eligible in according to the criteria on pu blic participation of regulated in EIA study brief. 5. 2 three-D EIA The 3-D EIA technology has been used in the Liantang project, where an addition dirty dog of Electronic visualization,as shown in Table 9, displays on the website together with other traditional EIA parts. Clicking into the Electronic visualization, an overview of the project location firstly shows on the screen.With a natural blue background color, the welcome insure indicates us that a topic that emphasis environment a lot would demonstrate subsequently. Then, the homepages are supported by several useful icons which are Introduction, service line, consideration of alternatives, Preferred Option and Impact Assessment. Each of the branches contains some parts of the simplified content which have already been introduced in the EIA report. In cooperation with 3-D model of BCP, all the information can be understood by amateurs in an active and easy way. Table 9 3D-EIA share on the website The approach of 3-D EIA is very useful in many aspects ) The 3-D EIA are based on the information provided in the EIA report, and photos which were taken in hardheaded sceneries. These ensure the authority and reliability of the information provided on the website. 2) 3-D model was adopted to simulate the comprehensive project. Obviously the project will be more realistic than the traditional two-dimensional maps. 3) As the network is not necessary to present information in a formal way, the informal kind of English along with the disposed photos which display different kinds of important features in the assessment benefit more people to understand EIA report more deeply. Apparently, 3-D EIA report is really useful and should be applied to more project assessment. 6. Conclusion and future application of the CasesThis study reviews the Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point and Associated Works (Agreement No. CE 45/2008) and the Shatin to Central Link Mong Kok East to Hung Hom Section (Agreement No. NEX/2213). Comparison on Noise impact assessment, Air impact assessment and Water impact assessment have been conducted during the process. The Assessment approaches and mitigation methods during the construction phase in the two projects are generally same due to their environmental problem in the three branches (air, water, and noise) were assigned to the similar catagories. In the operation phase, the two projects implemented different measures.The study also highlights the vital role of public played in the Liantang Project, where many of the alternatives are adopted for the initial ones. Instead of advertising-like implementation the public participation strategies like those in the SCL project, the Liantang project actively encouraged the clutch to be joint-force to influence the decision-making at some of the location of road or channel, etc. From the experience of this project, we know that the original dicision on the p roject by the contractor would be unavoidable deficient and may ignored some benefits of the stakeholds. With the help of public participation, completing effort was generated to revise the project.The 3D EIA is also one of the lightspots discovered during the comparison. Its application in the Liangtang project demonstrates the unique role it can act in the EIA report. By attaching the 3D maps, dynamic flash-made pictures, and more persuasive computering model on the website, more amuerturs or stakeholders which have been rejecting to participate due to the insufficient professional background is acceptable to the EIA inspectation. The 3D EIA finalise the gap between the authority and the survey further. In view of this, the future issue of EIA is recommended to put more focus on ensuring the public participation and adopt the new 3D techinology to assist the EIA report. References 1.Mott MacDonaId, Environmental Impact Assessment Report of Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Co ntrol Point and Associated Works (2010) , EIA Website, Agreement No. CE 45/2008 (CE). 2. AECOM, Environmental Impact Assessment Report of Shatin to Central Link Mong Kok East to Hung Hom Section(2011) , Agreement No. NEX/2213. 3. The skillful Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (1997), Environment rampart Department. 4. Mott MacDonaId, Environmental Impact Assessment Executive Summary- Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point and Associated Works(2010), Civil Engineering and Development Department. 5. AECOM, Environmental Impact Assessment Shatin to Central Link- Mong Kok East to Hung Hom Section (2011), MTR Corporation Limited. 6. Environmental Impact Assessment Study Brief No. ESB-192/2008 (2008), MTR Corporation Limited. 7. Environmental Impact Assessment Study Brief NO. ESB- 199/2008 (2008), gracious ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT. 8. Christopher Wood, Linden Coppell An evaluation of the Hong Kong environmental impact assessment system (1999 ), Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 010021-11 9. The surround-sound approach to planning (2012), South China sunrise Post. 10. Tilleman, William A. , Public Participation in the Environmental Impact Assessment Process A Comparative Study of Impact Assessment in Canada, the United States and the European companionship (1995), 33 Colum. J. Transnatl L. 337.