Southern Arizona: Lives that Shaped the Frontier Experience :: Essays Papers

Ordinary Women in Early Twentieth Century southerly Arizona Lives that Shaped the Frontier Experience Some historians have argued that womens roles in early 20th century Arizona centered altogether around the domestic sphere and typified values of femininity such as passivity, motherhood, and loyalty to marriage. Their journeys to the West ar likewise portrayed as voluntary and life on the frontier a hated struggle. For example, Christiane Fischer states, Frontier conditions tended to reenforce women in their traditional roles and did not open up any in the buff possibilities for them (Fischer, 46). Although this may have been true for some, womens overall experiences and contributions to Arizonas history were much to a greater extent complex. Although historically important figures are a lot over-represented in the stories we tell about our past, it is essential to remember that social deepen cannot occur without the involvement of thousands of ordinary folks. Acco rding to E.D. Branch, If there is a virtuous to the history of the westward movement, it is this the transcendent importance of small things and of unimportant concourse (Branch in Poling-Kempes, xii). This is especially relevant to womens history in that womens experiences are often ignored in dominant discourse and their achievements are relegated to the invisible sphere of domesticity. This essay will explore the ways in which ordinary women influenced the development of the Arizona frontier and to what extent the conditions of this lifestyle modify their roles and opportunities. At the turn of the century, women in the West enjoyed greater freedom than their sisters in other parts of the country. Various social and economic necessities both allowed and agonistic women into situations that were traditionally reserved for men. Lesley Poling-Kempes states, Liberation may have been a brass effect, rather than a motivating force or premeditated goal, for women in the new society of the American West (Poling-Kempes, 49). Women in this region chiefly had a better economic status, more job opportunities, and higher sanctioned status than women in other regions (Rothschild and Hronek, xx). Historians have presented several hypotheses to explain this geographic distinction. One such theory is that the biased sex ratio (many more men were present than women) required men to be tolerant of women pencil lead unconventional lifestyles. Another possibility is that, overall, the frontier embraced a more participatory way of life than settled areas, which in turn affected womens rights (Rothschild and Hronek, xx).

The Standardized Testing Debate Essay -- High-Stakes Standardized Testi

standardise examination is one of the most hotly debated topics in pedagogy. Experts in education have different views on the topic. standardize testifying refers to a testing method whereby school-age childs are subjected to the same assessment procedures set by examiners that symbolize to examine and score them as part of a wider students body. Standardized tests are of two kinds, the aptitude tests and the achievement tests. The aptitude test examines the students advanced skills or competency. Achievement tests evaluate students understanding in a formal educational institution and reviews their performance and understanding of key concepts. era evaluating the pros and cons of standard testing, it is evident that researchers and educators question whether it measures how effective the school taught the concepts to the student or whether it asses the students comprehension of the basic concepts taught. The articles under review define and explain the pros and cons alone f ail to offer an alternative method of assessing students. Standardized testing brings a sense of accountability to both the teachers and the students. According to Derrick Meador, an industry expert, teachers have to pitch effectively in preparing students for the regularise testing. He likewise states that there is also the advantage of the results of the students going public. This puts pressure on the school as a whole because the results will be a reflection of how much bm they put in their schoolwork. This publicity also ensures that a teachers performance is evaluated and poses the luck of a teacher losing their job or the school being closed in(p) and given to the state (Meador, n.d.).Standardized testing makes it possible to create a clear qualitative compar... ...mprehension. Educators must standardize their curriculum however, a standardized universal curriculum does not consider each individual students environment. Researchers have show that the students comprehens ion is pegged on their environment. In addition, the pedagogy style employed is also dependent on the environment, which standardized testing does not consider. Works CitedMeador, Derrick . Standardized Testing.About.com Teaching. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. .Popham, W. James. why standardized tests dont measure educational quality. Educational Leadership 56 (1999) 8-16. Ravitch, Diane.. Ravitch Standardized Testing Undermines Teaching. NPR. NPR, 11 Apr. 2011. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. .

Bluest Eye

A few decades ago, racial discrimination has been a great concern for m whatever, as it existed in any aspects of the society. What we jockey of discrimination is that a certain race, color, or ethnicity views themselves superior to some others, and the ones who practically get discriminated often are the blacks, because of their history of slavery and abuse from the s with come forth delay-clads (Kuenz). This is the some common form of discrimination at that clipping. What some wouldnt know is that discrimination is not limited to one race discriminating another.The other form of discrimination is racial self-loathing, or hating ones aver race because he views it to be inferior, ugly, poor, and the like. In Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye, racial self-loathing in the black community is open(a) and attacked through the maturation of Pecola Breedloves flake. This development was clearly shown through her confides and aspirations of becoming white of achieving the bluest ey e, in order to commit attention and live a joyous life. The idea of racial self-loathing was exposed and attacked when eventually her desires and aspirations were destroyed, driving her to insanity.Pecola Breedlove is a picture of a dreamer who seeks a better life at the start of the novel. All throughout the story, it was shown that she desires a few things, hoping that it could change her and her surroundings. One of these desires is to learn how she would be able to introduce people love her. Being born black, and experiencing a short confront with the MacTeers who are whites, she was able to understand how different she was. Her stay in the white household was very important because she was able to develop hatred for her race.She cute attention, just like the attention being given to the white kids in the household. Pecola views that it was the overall features that would attract the attention of other people. She hated the color of her peel off and her eyes. She thought t hat if her skin was white and her eyes were blue, more(prenominal) people would be able to notice her and love her (Wills). It was narrated in the story that It had occurred to Pecola some time ago that if her eyes, those eyes that held the pictures, and knew the sightsif those eyes of hers were different, that is to say, beautiful, she herself would be different (Morrison).At this point of the story, we now see the intensity of her desire to shed her physical features as a black girl. We may judge that her desires were only skin deep, and that it was only her adolescent jealousy speaking. But still, she would grow up with this mentality, and one proof of this was her mother. It shtup be seen that this racial self-loathing can transcend age, and it doesnt get any simpler, in fact, it gets worse. Pecolas mother also hated her color and features, and the substantiating effect of this is her fights and arguments with her husband.It was the fights between her parents that insinuated Pecolas desire to disappear. She often witnesses her mother and make makeing up each other. She feels that it was again caused by their color, intensifying her desire to be different. She taught that if she was white or at least she has the bluest eyes, her parents would be happy and love each other. Her brother wouldnt run a air, and everything would turn out well. Somehow, she uses her racial self loathing as a means to an end. She thinks that the chore is rooted on color, and it would be resolved by color. aspect closely at Pecolas understanding of her situation, we may say that she uses her desire for the bluest eyes as an escape. She wanted a new, different life, one rooted on love, care, and attention. She sees no difference between her and the white children except well, theyre white. It was pointed out by Claudia when she said Nobody nonrecreational us any attention, so we paid very good attention to ourselves (Morrison). If that is so, then the only thing that she wa nted to change was her appearance, and she thinks that this would be the solution to all of her problems.At the end of the story, Pecola was driven into ferocity because her desires were never fulfilled. Instead, the entire world seemed to turn against her. She was sexually violated by her father two times. Her mother didnt believe her, and even beat her up. She bore the fruit of the abuse, but it was lost in a miscarriage. Looking at the start of the story, we see a big change in Pecola. The hopeful child from the start was almost destroyed by violence in the end. This development in her character was the authors pay back on the existing idea of racial self loathing at that time.For Toni Morrison, Pecola embodied every black person who hated their color. Toni Morrisons bestow on racial self loathing is evident in the character of Pecola. Desiring for a better life by hating yourself would bring you more damage than good. Well, in the case of Pecola, it seemed that it was broug ht upon her by her society. In her eyes, she sees people ignoring her, making diversion of her, and even hating her because of her color. But then again, Pecolas eyesight is clouded by her desire to be different, to be white, and to have the bluest eyes.Instead of being true to herself, she wanted to change everything. For her, it was a means to an end, the only way for her to accept by the people around her. For the author Toni Morrison, it was not. Hating ones race and color wouldnt change anything, instead, it would just attract more hatred, more cruelty, and more violence. Pecola shouldnt have lost sight of the people around her. not everyone overlooked and hated her. The MacTeer household, especially the children, loved her despite her color.This is one way for the author to say that color is not everything, and it shouldnt be the flat coat for people like Pecola to hate. Works Cited Kuenz, Jane. The Bluest Eye Notes on History, Community, and Black egg-producing(prenominal) Subjectivity African American Review Vol. 27. No. 3 (1993). Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. advanced York Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. , 1993. Wills, Joy. Genealogy of Rejection in Morrisons the Bluest Eye. 1999. March 23 2009. <http//www. luminarium. org/contemporary/tonimorrison/wills. htm>.

Iron Crowned Chapter 22

No one had to tell me the shipway in which that exponenti aloney complicated things. Jasmines gasp con dissoluteed my many realizations. 2 placentas, verbalise Veronica, pausing and typing something one-handed while sedate keeping hold of the boat.What whats that retrieve? I asked.It means they could be identical or fraternal, give tongue to Dr. Sartori. mavin placenta would be identical for sure.I swallowed. The noise, that wavelike sound It was drowning me. My heartbeat, another(prenominal)(prenominal) heartbeat, and another still How was it possible? How could there be so much spiritedness in one body?Can you still do the try on? I stammered out.Dr. Sartori was holding the needle but made no moves as his eyes flicked back to the monitor. I can but its not recommended in this situation. With twins, the risks are increased.I dont address, I said firmly. I still trust it. I have to know. With my family history I prayed he wouldnt demand alike many details beyond what Dr. Moore had sent over. He and Veronica discussed a few things, using medical language I couldnt follow. She used the paddle to check every angle, taking measurements on her computer as he occasionally pointed details out. Finally, after another warning against the procedure, he concord to do it.It hurt as much as youd expect from a giant needle being stuck into you. His hands were superhumanly steady, as his eyes held firm to the monitor so he could watch the needles progress. I still couldnt work out much in the images but knew the challenge was to pop out to the placenta without abject a fetus. Placentas, in this case. They had to get another test kit, using another needle in order to sample from both(prenominal) babies.Babies.I still couldnt believe it. They helped me when they finished the test, loading Jasmine and me up with post-care instructions to reduce both self-injury and the risk of miscarriage.Does it matter? I thought bleakly. A miscarriage would expunge the d ecision away from me. Itd be out of my hands.For now, one tiny job did present itself getting home. I was sore and didnt feel like driving. In particular, Id been advised not to. Jasmine helpfully offered to.I know for a fact you dont have a license, I told her. I was leaning against my car, baking in welcome sunshine.No, but I can drive. Come on, its not that far. And you sure cant. What do you want to do? Call Tim and let him know whats leaving on? she challenged.I wanted my florists chrysanthemum, I realized. I wanted my mom to come and drive me home to her home. I wanted her to take care of me and talk to me like she used to. I wanted her to fix all this.I blinked rapidly and turned my head, not wanting Jasmine to see me orgy up.Fine. I held out the keys. If we get pulled over, the tickets coming out of your allowance.To her credit, she drove responsibly, and she was decline it wasnt far. I tilted my seat back slightly, wanting to sleep for the neighboring few days or however farsighted it would take to get back my results. I didnt want to endure the waiting. I couldnt endure the waiting. The cars hush up and rhythm nearly took me under until Jasmine spoke.So, she said matter-of-factly. If theyre boys, you get an abortion. If theyre girls Then I dont. I hadnt realized Id made my decision until that moment. When Id heard those heartbeats well, it didnt matter if maternity and drastic body changes scared the hell out of me. If I had two daughters, daughters unconnected to any prophecy, I would have them. Id figure parenting out. If theyre girls, Ill keep them.She nodded and said nothing more until we were turning down my street. Honestly, I was surprised she waited that long because Id already known what else she was dying to ask.Eugenie?Yes, Jasmine?What are you going to do if ones a boy and ones a girl?I stared ahead at my house. I suddenly didnt want to sleep just for the next few days. I wanted to sleep for the next nine months. Or seven mo nths. Or whatever. I didnt answer her question.I cant have a son, I said at last. You know that. Thats all there is to it.

America

Dry. Genera Bole As Ameri bottoms we strongly believe in having the right to do what we please. After both, this is a free country. So if we want to smoke around our kids, build a fast feed betrayt, or besides be plain inert we can go right ahead and do it and who will dictate us otherwise? No one. We can continue to slowly obscure ourselves through and through all of our liberal habits and ignorance in health and then conk out on this gift onto our children. Something needs be done soon before it is too.Americans should take fall in cargon of their health by developing better obliterateing habits, focusing on future health issues, and y not being so lazy. It is no secret that America is look at as a fat country. If other countries were to compare themselves with us they might represent the USA with a big McDonalds symbol or well-nighthing similar. And for reasoned reason. With fast food being so convenient and Just nigh anywhere it is so easy to a meddlesome America n to Just use that drive though and the Burger King and pick up some food.There is no second guessing something easy that tastes good. Say an American doesnt have so much fast food and shops for themselves. Just look at the prices of Junk or processed food in comparison to constituent(a) and healthier food. How can it be possible to sell something with added chemicals cheaper than something off the landed estate? According to the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (KIDDUSH) and the Centers for Disease surmount and Pr withaltion (CDC), in that location has been a dramatic increase in obesity in the United sound outs over the past 20 years .Similarly, in 1990, no state had obesity rates higher than 15%. By 2005, only 6 states had an obesity rate less than 20%. corpulency has been directly linked to hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and depression. Each year, over 300,000 adults in the U. S. Will buy the farm from obesity related causes. Minefield, Charles E, Peeved p rofile Dotty, Nicole, MPH Fletcher, Autumn, PhD, APRON, CUFF-BC. BAND Journal. 3 (Summer 2008) 83-8. Although It is understandable that lower income families dont have the funds to buy all the entire food.In 2011, the low-income threshold for a family of four with two children was $45,622. Between 2007 and 2011, the share of works families who are low income increased from 28 share to 32. 1 part (Annie e. Casey 2014). In 2011, the top 20 percent of working families received 10. 1 terms the total income received by the bottom 20 percent of working families, up room 9. 5 in 2007. The same goes for busy families who are Just looking to eat whatever is easiest. Is America targeting sealed families? Is there to a greater extent money in junk than in innate food?Or is it Just the ignorance of a people not touch about future health. Issues in health ulterior on in the future seem to be at the bottom of the charts when it comes to what Americans worry about. It is all about the here and now thats important. That is until someone comes down with a career altering health issue. We cannot treat our way out of the cancer problem,. rising cancer cases will jump out from an estimated 14 trillion annually in 2012 to 22 million within two decades. Over the same period, cancer deaths are predicted to rise from 8. Million a year to 13 million More commitment to prevention and early detection is desperately ask in order to complement improved treatments and address the alarming rise in cancer burden globally. By Tim Hum and Jean Christensen, CNN Feb. (2014). It seems as though the only era health is important is when life-time is at stake. The crazy thing is, life was at stake and being disgraced from the day any harmful substance was consumed or a bad habit was formed. Todays youth has a mindset of live fast die young but it is not entirely their cracking for having this thought process.Its the fault of the generation before them. Our youths parents or anyone who the they look up to is to blame because chances are that generation had bad health habits and passed it down whether they knew it or not. Todays children have muddled the ability to pretend and imagine. This is most definitely to no fault of their own. Children do not have to create their own fantasy worlds because they have an pad, a big screen TV or a WI to do it for them. Taylor Finn, Iowa State Daily (2014). What we do know will affect us later on in life and in some cases might even effect someone else.Forming unhealthy habits doesnt stop at nutrition choice, ignorance, or lack of caring. Finding an easier way for things causes a bigger issue. And that issue is Laziness. likewise much of our lives too easy. In fact, everything is made to be easier or shrouded with the book of account convenience. Americans can Just go to a drive through for food or even order food and there is no need to even get out of the house. Media has taken over the life of Americans as well. Amer icans of all ages these days cannot stray too ar out-of-door from their home for fear of their unused phone dying or there not being any Wi-If.Youth spend their days behind tablets, televisions, and smart phones or else than using resource after-school(prenominal) or being active. Videotapes can be looked at as a way to pass the time but for our youth it could possibly be causing them to be modify to the world and can hinder their ability to use their own imagination for entertainment. America is focused on the easy way out of things rather than taking the time out to educate themselves about lifestyle, diet, and exercise. If it squires activity outside of the convention sedentary house life it is almost shunned and thought of as nonsense.Without the will to understand and learn about what a good diet is, how to befuddle changes to avoid future health issues, and how to get away from the normal lazy lifestyle America will continue its downward gyre in to cancers, a poisoned youth, and obesity. Simple things like looking at the ingredients of food normally consumed, or getting out once in spot Just walk for a half hour can be enough to chance a lifestyle. We as Americans need to find a way for lower income families to be able to arches food healthier to themselves and more importantly their kids.Many families are very busy and have no time to think of the issues of grab and go foods and should consider creating a plan to eat better while on the move. Most important is Americas youth. Higher usance of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with increased IBM and considered a contributing factor of childhood obesity. From 1989 to 2008, there has been a significant increase in total per capita consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, from 130 to 212 collieries (kcal) per day, in children 6- 1 years of age.Placing an emphasis on reducing the empty expertness intake from sugar-sweetened beverages and increasing the intake of nutrient-dense beverages, s uch as low-fat milk, is an essential agent to decreasing the prevalence of obesity in children. Higher levels of education and confirming parental behaviors, such as parent support and limiting every week fast-food intake, are associated with lower intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages. Current Opinion in Endocrinology &038 Diabetes and Obesity (2013) wherefore should our youth suffer from the actions of the current enervation when simple changes can make a difference In our future.

A Comparison between Drug Policy as Social Control

Nicolas Beltran English 101 /Ms. Jackson March 13 2012 go reading dose insurance policy as Social Control by Noam Chomsky and Crito by Plato I noticed a similarity between the two. muckle in higher power take on focal points of stabilizing populations. The governing body is customized to make plurality fail and the less fortunate argon tar lounge arounded. The inequalities of the giving medication arent dealt with but they surely do exist. Laws are strictly enforced to populations where mostly black males live and populations where crime pass judgment are high. Not all people have to deal with the virtue the same way due to social class.The administration has its possess way of controlling people who are thought to be dangerous. How does the judicature control people? The politics is able to put fear in the hearts of people. Governments have tried to take away programs which help people who are struggling. People worry about public assistance much(prenominal) as wel fare because they need it and the judicature uses the poor populations weakness to their advantage. The government has its own way of silencing people who they feel might be a threat to people in higher power care Socrates.Socrates from Crito had information that might have endangered the government. That is the main reason wherefore he was sentenced to prison. Both Socrates and Martin Luther King served time in jail. Neither of them were a threat to their communities. They were wise men who both were the voice of their communitys. The government take ton them as dangerous so they were killed. This is why I believe the governments selected rule of keeping things stabilized is unfair to the thought to be dangerous population. Countries are unfair when it comes to giving everyone equal rights.There are people who are higher-ranking to the law. Did you notice not one sentence in Drug Policy as Social Control said anything about targeted gamy or white people ? I wonder why no fa stness class people are being arrested. No one is better and we know the poor and dangerous arent the only people who get their hands on medicates. Many people get away with mislabeled transactions but they fly under the radar because they are rich. The f number class people do the same things the less fortunate populations are doing by taking and selling medicines but are less in all likelihood to be imprisoned.In Drug policy as Social Control its specifically says none of this has anything to do with drugs. The main purpose in the so called drug control is to do by dangerous black populations. Our terra firma is known to receive people equal rights and freedom. It isnt as it appears as you can see our country has favorites and the poor are targeted. While the upper class seems more(prenominal) united the government makes the poor hate each other. The way the government works the less fortunate are setup to fail.Job opportunities are fall and so are job wages. There are less prolong systems for the people who need them. The Percentage of poverty is increasing while the rich get all the attention as their wealth keeps growing. In Drug Policy as Social Control it says, If we wanted to stop drug use in the United States in that locations an easy way to do it. This means that the government can prevent drugs from getting into the country but they dont because it helps them control populations by using drugs to criminalize black men.Where is the justice in this method of controlling people ? In my opinion this is a setup. These problems continue occurring in our country but there is no change. The voices of dangerous populations testament continue to be controlled by the government. hopefully one day poor and thought to be dangerous communities will not be recognized as what they are thought to be. The voices of these communities have been silenced for thousands of years, so has Jesus Christ. All these leaders have died for what they believed in.

Formative Strictly Ballroom

Texts represent certain perspectives on be which ch in allenge us to understand our stimulate serviceman. This is evident in the celluloid Strictly Ballroom directed by Baz Luhrmann. The style of the film is inflammation Curtain cinema which means conveys the ballroom dancing world is phantasmagorical and artificial. This film researchs what it means to snuff it or not be abundant to a well-defined collection. This is presented through the possible action sequence by showing how Scott, Fran and Doug befoolt belong to the conference of ballroom dancers. The director grew up in the world of ballroom competitions.Luhrmanns purpose was to be able to say a story in his profess disassembleicular way, telling our own stories in our own way that is what the film is about for me. The commencement gitdidates explore aspects of not belonging and no being accepted. The ballroom dancing group demonstrates a veneer of belonging. The group itself is the same in appearance and d emeanour but lacks emotional connection with other. They value tradition and confidence. To belong to this world means sacrificing individual identity. A high angle shot is use to show the dancers competing in the competition, it also show the walls of the room they are dancing in.This represents their confinement to the outside world as well as their amity be gravel they are all dancing the same steps. We understand that when pile conform to a group they become restricted and separated from the rest of the world. The plastered ups of Barry Fife and the judges sitting above the dancers shows that they withstand more power. This symbolises that they have authority within the ballroom dancing group and are the people that apply the tradition of strict rules and regulations.From this we understand that when there is authority and power in a group there are rules to be followed that s natural elevation people from having an individual identity. The make-up of the women defines th em as belonging to a certain group and symbolises their values, for example the women of the ballroom dancing live on bright and over the top coloured make-up. This represents them as being fake due to being part of an artificial world. The idea of them all having exaggerated make-up tells us they all belong to the one group. From this we understand that to belong to certain groups you have mustiness conform to their ways.The idea of not belonging is also conveyed in the opening sequence. This is represented through peoples individual choices and the exclusion of those who do not burst in. Scott Hastings is the protagonist in the film and as an individual he chooses not to belong. He chooses to dance his own steps, meaning he doesnt conform and therefore does not belong. Scott shows rebellion in the first scenes where he challenges the authority by breaking the rules. He does this because he is looking for his own identity away from the group. The close up of Scotts shoes when he dances show he is about to dance his own way.This demonstrates his desire for license and individual identity as well as his rebellion against a restrictive type of belonging. This gives us the understanding that when people wish to realize their own identity they rebel and makes choices which can lead to exclusion. Scotts vesture is black pants and a white singlet which is what he wears when he dances his own steps. This indicates his difference to the group and the authenticity of his motivation as he attempts to create his own identity. Lighting affects the mood in the film and Scott is frequently shown in close ups with low key lighting which is more natural.In the scene where he dances in and out of the spotlight indicates his developing sense of license from the group. Fran and Doug are two other characters who also do not belong to the ballroom dancing group. Fran is excluded because of her different attitudes to the others. Her costume is plain and simple. She wears a long T-shirt and black tights, large glasses and no make-up. This is contrasted to the other women who wear a lot of bright make-up making them look phoney whereas Fran appears more natural and this makes her isolated from the group. Doug first appears as a daunt man on the outside of the group.However, in these scenes we find out he also dances his own steps in the secrecy of the studio. He dances in the shadow and a single spotlight and quirky music which gives mystery and difference to his dancing. We are positioned to understand that not belonging can be caused by having different attitudes and values or it can be cause voluntary by not conforming to the rules. From the films opening sequence we learn that sometimes to belong to a group you have to lose your individual identity. If you rebel against conformity to a group it can result in isolation. You can also be excluded from a group due to different attitudes and values.

Analysis of the Effects of Product Cannibalism

PRICING STRATEGY CANNIBALISM AND NEW result DEVELOPMENT R. A. KERIN M. G. HARVEY J. T. ROTHE 1. My choice I have chosen to work on this topic for these reasons. For legion(predicate) years now, and mostly because of the economic crisis, a make out of premium and mid-range brands have to compete against low-cost ones. In order to do this, some of these companies decided to launch low-cost brands to bring back muddled customers.But I have already learned that this dodge green goddess sometimes become a real threat for their premium brands in fact, companies who do this hindquarters think that they bring crude customers but unfortunately these customers ar plan of attack from their premium brand. Some real life examples are coming to me such as Coca-Cola Company who launched Coca-Cola light and Coca-Cola zero which was successful. How to avoid or reduce the brand cannibalization? What kind of strategy to develop? I entrust that this article, even if its a very old one, can answer these questions. . The abstract The article starts be giving a definition of the cannibalization rear we view 2 different products (A and B) go awaying to the equal friendship cannibalization mode that (all other things equal), decreasing the price of product A impart bring the gross sales decreasing of product B. This undesirable effect is occurring when the alliance, instead of launching a new product, prefer to reformulate one which already exists in an already created market. Authors are putting lights on two main consequences of cannibalistic strategy.The head start one is affirmatory, it allows to the company, through the new product, to open a new market, and therefore gain market trades. The second seems to be negative, because customers of the foremost companys product can switch to the second, and it will not bring any additional tax revenue to the company. But, as authors underline, sometimes its better for the company to see customers moving from the first product to the second one inside the same portfolio than reaching the competitors product.So, cannibalism strategy can be a good way for the company to crop up competitors, but the risk is huge if the new product creates an artificial segmentation which implies artificial needs. The distortion effect of cannibalism is the second main part of the article. Basically, it means that in order to appreciate the profitability of the new product, you must rail in account cannibalization of the first one. Authors are talking about pyrrhic Victory when ones overestimate the growth of the sales volume and market share due to the new product.Authors provide a solution to avoid this bas effect of cannibalism the market test. For them its the best method to know what need(s) the new product will fulfill when it will be launched. This method can help managers to unwrap (the most early as possible) what amount of the new product should be produced in order to reduce the cannibaliz ation. The question of the acceptable level of cannibalization is evoked the two main drivers to compute it are according to the authors the cost social system and market maturity. 3. My opinionOne of the main lessons I learned reading this article is that cannibalism can really be a positive thing for companies. Even if customers of the new product are indeed customers who switched from the previous one, they still not competitors customers. out-of-the-way(prenominal) to be a threat, the cannibalism strategy can really be serviceable and great for companies, especially, as I said in my first part, in time of crisis. Then I think, the article could provide more examples of positive or negative cannibalization. The example of Coca-Cola provided at the low gear of this memo is indicative of the positive cannibalization.In fact, a lot of different soda beverages belong to the Coca-Cola company (such as for instance Fanta, Minute maid or Coca-Cola). In 1983, Coca-Cola company launched Coca-Cola light, which tastes different from the original Coca-Cola but sugar free and then, at the beginning of 2000&8242, Coca zero was launched which was supposed to have the same taste as Coca-Cola original, and still sugar free. Even if Coca- Cola light lost many customers who switched to Coca zero, they still inside the same company and not go to competition.This kind of strategy was learned in our Brand management get over that sometimes it consists in creating a similar product can get going the market share of both products. Named the Flanker strategy, the two products are belong not only to the same company but also to the same product category. This strategy has many advantages its often almost free to market, as its very close to the first product and using the same brand, and it was observe that its also a good way to promote both products and brands.

Consider how succsesful sheriff conveys the realities in war situations Essay

The play called Journeys can is all based on real events of WW1, it is written by R.C.Sherriff, the epithet of the play shows us the play is ab come to the fore a journey yet has to come to an closedown quite obvious provided really important, In function one pic one we get an insight where Osborne is having a conversation with Hardy which leads onto the important part of the play the big German effort, By the way, you know the Big German attack is expect both day. Surely you would expect that you would be very shocked to disclose of this news but Osborne simply plays it down motto Its been expected for the last month as if to say provide they ever do it? Now Osborne and Hardy stir a long conversation and the reference must think now this is unusual would they have a bun in the oven time to that and if youre asking what that is then Ever ad earwig races? no I will give you a tip what if u dip them in whiskey they go like hell This I think shows typical work force ga mbling and competition but it also shows us the joy of the warf atomic number 18 how close the passs are together which points off they have spent a long time in the trenches together so its presentation us that its long When Hardy finally leaves Osborne alone, the cook Mason comes in to talk about dinner but Mason is the sort of suit who eve though in that respect is war he can save is very funny. Soup sir cutlets Just kidding ordinary rationary meat sir looks like colorful but it has not got that wet smooth look that liver has got and it has a noo shape. After this the new soldier has arrived and Osborne is there to greet him, the new soldier is capital of North Carolina but he is also still a schoolboy Oh no you see I only(prenominal) left school at the end of the last summer term this shows us just how bad the war situation was the fact that they were now forcing schoolboys in. In act two stage setting one again we find out about the food and how you have to save it well take the lumps out of my porridge, good keep the lumps and intention um for dumplings nigh time e ave boiled beef. Then they talk about the big attack again the boche is up to some social function. The big attack is soonThen Raleigh says something strange which makes the audience think but there your enemies those germans are well decent. there is a joke next where mason says would you like some sardines no I would loathe it sir very good sir this show the audience that mason gives it him as it is the only thing for him to eat and even though he hates it he has no pick but to eat it to built up his strength. The main focus is Act threesome scene 3 starts off with great imagery The candles are no longer burning the intense darkness of the delve out is softened by the glow of the Very lights in the sky beyond the doorway. There is no sound except for the distant mutter of the guns. place the mug on the table shows it is a very big take out as it can have all those things in the dug out, which shows us that they must have some importance. Its put over Towards dawn which sets the scene just another old day. OT tea they have tea which shows that they have a jolly morning meaning there is two facial expressions to the war. trotter is singing a long long trail which means its merry there is still humour in the middle of a war, there is also humour because Stan foretaste says Has the milkman been yet in French The faint susurration of shells hitting the dug out It shows the big attack has started, intensifying three more shells hit rapidly building it up. Trotters script is quivering which shows he is scared out of comfort. Stanhope is still writing in his book which means that he isnt taking often differentiate he is staying calm ignoring the fact he could probably die each minute. Only corporal Ross hit showing us the other side of the war that it is not all peace and happiness. Red glow of dawn Sort of angry colour, Then Raleigh is shot in the back. chomp of shells got him in the back, Fraid its broke his spine, sir cant move his legs.This is where Stanhope realizes how much he likes Raleigh, normally Stanhope would get them took down to the big dug out on the right but not Raleigh, Bring him down ere which shows Stanhope is saying Raleigh is important my best friend, Raleigh wakes from unconsciousness HulloDennis which shows us that he is weak from the attack and he is slowly dying, but Raleigh thinks he is ok Im okay now (he tries to rise) then they are public lecture about the gun noise Nah it is mostly their guns showing that they know the war is half lost and there isnt a lot of hope left in it at all. We have an awful conversation that is so sad about Raleigh is going to die but Stanhope is essay to keep up the hope and then he dies and it is all so sad. Then Stanhope leaves and a shell hits the dug out causing it to chip in snuffing out the candle leaving Raleigh in darkness, we can only think none of them surv ived.

Media : empowering women in globalize world Essay

Women must not accept she must challenge she must not be awestricken by that it has been built up around her she must reverence that charr in her which struggles for expression. -Marg art SangerThere is no chance of the welf atomic number 18 of the cosmea unless the condition of women is improved. It is not possible for a bird to fly on one wing. Swami VivekanandaMedia is a vocalisation of culture and society. It is widely accepted that media be transmitters of culture and engines behind world-wideizing cultures. We live in a globalizing age in which lot around the macrocosm disassembleicipate in a champion entropy order. Because of globalization and the power of internet, people from Caracas to Cairo atomic number 18 able to receive the same popular music, news show, films and television system programs. There is a clear intersection between womens authorisation and media ontogenesis in the globalizing world. Media were explicitly implicated in the second and t hird waves of womens empowerment. The proliferation of media, the fit of new technologies and the emergence of tender media in many parts of the world sop up provided multiple sources for access to sexuality related information and know guidege. season inequalities and gender stereotypes exist in social structures and the minds of people, media do the potency to disruption out and perpetuate or ameliorate these. So, media workers terminate play an most-valuable manipulation in opening up thinking of gender comparability and gender-based stereotypes by means of media.Before discussing the topic Media empowering women in a globalize world- it is primal to define the concept of media, empowerment and globalizationWhat is media?The term media is defined as a means of communication that unrelenting markets on a large denture, attain and involving virtually e real(prenominal)one in the society to a great or lesser degree. Media feed the people with the latest informa tion and create the need for falsify in contemporary society. Media plays a brisk parting in dissemination of information. Media is the directlys most stringy vehicle in model of beliefs, attitudes, values and lifestyles. By becoming more(prenominal) gender aw are in topic and language, media bath present a clearer and more accurate give of the usages and responsibilities of both men and women in the society. It as well paved the way for greater braveness of tender rights issues, and the condition of marginalized social groups.Media Types and InfluencesMedia has reach an integral part of our lives and cannot be separated from our lives. The media include a wide variety of forms including stain media, electronic media and new age media. Print media includes news ideas, books and pamphlets. Electronic media includes television and tuner while the new age media include the internet and mobile phones. It is worthy remembering that there sop up been three recent revolutions in the history, i.e. agrarian revolution in farming, industry revolution & mass doing and information revolution that provides global access. We are now in the midst of information revolution. Due to continuing developments in media engine room, we are flooded by a huge volume of non-stop information. Media technologies cease us to final payment part virtually in occasions and activities in other parts of the world.definition of empowerment of Women dominance is round people- women and men- taking go over their lives, riding horse their birth agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, participating in decision- qualification process and solving occupations. dominance requires having access to and control over resources and the benefits that are derived from development efforts. It is both a process and an outcome.Economic empowerment of women means ensure womens affluent confederacy in mainstream economic activities including decision making, impl ementation, access & control and enjoy equal benefits. Social empowerment of women means the transformation of attitudes and beliefs about the rights, roles and capacities of women has enabled them to participate more fully in assorted field of operationss of life. Political empowerments of women means- take positive discrimination measures for women to ensure equal affaire of women in politics. WHAT IS globalisation?Globalization means to know about the social, political and economic empowerment of the women through their status. Globalization is a mode of sharing of the experiences, ex budge of ideas, technology and network of the institutions and presidential terms through bilateral and multilateral arrangements. There are various means by which globalization mitigate the cross border problems with the foster of air planes, telephone expediencys, e-mails and instant capital flows. Globalization strengthening partnerships with cultured society, particularly women organ izations. It is the phenomenon of increased integration of the world thriftiness as show by the international trade and factor mobility. In the feminist compend of globalization, two views are existent regarding the impact of globalization on women and these strike two divert directions (1)The critics of globalization. These views identified four major(ip) criticisms. These includeThe gendered part of laborWomens marginalization in the informal sector of the economy The exploitative nature of Multi-National CorporationsNegative impact of Structural Adjustment programmes oblige in the name of globalization. (2)The second believe that are many positives and advantages for women pitch about womens furtherance. These including Enhanced employment opportunities for womenHelping to ease the problem of povertyStrengthening womens networksImproving the access of women to wellness, micro-credit, employment opportunities and information in general.Globalization and the MediaUntil t he 1970s, the media industry was differentiated into distinct sectors-for the most part, cinema, crisscross media, communicate receiver and television broadcasting all operated free-lancely of one another. In the past three decades, profound transformations brace taken place within the media industry. National markets have given way to a fluid global market, while new technologies have led to the fusion of forms of media that were once distinct. By the start of the twenty-first century, the global media market was dominated by a group of about twenty multinational corporations whose role in the production, scattering and marketing of news and entertainment of news could be felt in almost every country in the world. These are the six major shifts that have contributed to bringing about the global media orderIncreasing submergence of featureership The global media is now dominated by a teentsy number of powerful corporations. Small-scale, independent media companies have gra dually been incorporated into super centralized media conglomerates.A shift from public to private ownership In the past few decades, the liberalization of the business environment and the relaxing of regulations has led to the privatizations of media companies in many countries.Transnational corporation structures Media companies no longer operate strictly within national boundaries. Likewise, media ownership rules have been loosened to allow cross-border investment and acquisition.Diversification over a variety of media products The media industry has alter and is much less segmented than in previous times. Enormous media conglomerates, such(prenominal) as AOL-Time warner profiled below, produce and distribute a mix of media content, including music, news, release media and television programming.A growing number of corporate media mergers There has been a course of study towards alliances between companies in different segments of the media industry. Telecommunication fir ms, computer hardware and parcel manufactures and media content producers are increasingly involved in corporate mergers as media forms become increasingly integrated.Contribution to the womens empowerment Today, media has an important role to play to create awakening in women to achieve their potential as the prime questionrs of change in society. gender sensitive indicators for media76% of the people heard or read about in the worlds news are manlike. The world seen in news media remains by and large a male person one. Who Makes the News, Global Media Monitoring Project, 2010The aim of the sex activity-Sensitive Indicators for Media (GSIM) is to contribute to gender equality and womens empowerment in and through media of all forms, disregarding of the technology used. The media are a channel to examine the right to granting immunity of opinion and expression. For empowerment efforts to be successful, women must be able to employ their rights in the same manner and to the same extent as their male counterparts. Yet, being able to exercise a universally declared human right is insufficient for empowerment.Allowing women access to communication systems, such as media, does not guarantee that their opinions will be expressed equally or that their participation in the media will be mainstreamed stereotyping and alienation of women by the media are still remarkably widespread phenomena (WACC 2010). According to the International Federation of Journalists (2009), If we draw out at the current rate of progress, it will take another 75 years to achieve gender equality in media. Indicators pertaining to gender equality measure the extent to which women participate and are fairly represented in the media.Two main categories make up the gender sensitive indicators for media. These are Category A Actions to foster gender equality within media organizations Gender balance at decision-making level.Gender equality in work and working conditions.Gender equality in unions, associations, clubs and organizations of diary keepers, other media professionals and media self-regulatory bodies. Media organizations put up ethical codes and policies in favor of gender equality in media content. Gender balance in education and training.Category B Gender portrayal in media contentGender portrayal in news & current affairs.Gender portrayal in advertising.Medias Role in empowerment of women in a globalize worldCommunication is extremely important for womens development and media play significant role. Growths of womens education and their entries into employment have contributed to the growth of media. In all spheres of life whether for controlling population growth, spread of literacy or improving quality of life for vast masses, women have life-and-death role to play. However, women can be expected to play this role when they become conscious of their strength and are not deliberately marginalized by male domination. In this context, media has an im portant role to play to create awakening in women to achieve their potential as the prime movers of change in society. In todays world, print, electronic and social media play a vital role in effectively conveying message that needs to be conveyed. Electronic and Print media Empowerment of womenElectronic media such as radio and television as well as print media such as books play a vital role in empowering women. In this context, media has an important role to play to create awakening in women to achieve their potential as the prime movers of change in society. In todays world, print and electronic media play a vital role in effectively conveying message that needs to be conveyed. Family, society and work women journalists have to deal with all three the family allows them to work as pilots or doctors, but not as journalists Participant at roundtable in Dhaka, Bangladesh In such a rapidly ever-changing environment, women in media have a large responsibility in not only c hanging attitude towards women but also shaping public opinion. In todays world, with women holding responsible position in newspapers or electronic media, their competency is extend to a wider area and a range of issues. much importantly, a cleaning lady journalist is expected to show more esthesia to issues relating to women and to more meaningful insights and perspectives. A significant number of women journalists are very successful in magazines dealing with various problems of women and child.With sensitivity and skill for analyzing events in depth, issues such as women abuse and exploitation, harassment of women at workplace and the impairment of HIV infected women, female infanticide in rural areas find a prominent place in such magazines. The magazines deal with the issues more in depth compared to newspapers and women are considered competent to handle such stories. As per a study in the NCR there are around 900 women journalists and even in cities like Chennai the numbe r is impressive 200. Journalism is no more a male domain. This new trend has also led to a change in the portrayal of women in the media in general and newspaper in particular. It is important to mention here the success of Khabar Lahariya. A group of viii women belonging to backward class bring out this paper from the Bundelkhand region. This paper which is being funded by an NGO was started with an aim to encourage women to vex for their own rights. such kinds of initiative are required in every corner and corner of our country, so as to empower the women at grass root level. But on the other hand, the risks women in the media face, both in the urban and rural areas, have also to be seriously considered. As we move down, from the metropolitan towns and the solid rationality capitals, the risks increase. In remoter rural areas a woman journalist and particularly a reporter is a novelty not intimately accepted and assimilated in the social milieu.Zakia Zaki, shot dead in h er business firm in AfganistanNadia Sharmeen was attacked and hospitalized in Bangladesh. She was harassed because of our religious fundamentalism. Despite these environments, It is noticed that more and more schoolboyish graduates are joining the journalism degree and diploma courses, with an ambition to make a mark in the profession, and quite a good proportion of them are girls. With the rapid expansion, almost a proliferation of the electronic media through satellite channels, with the popularity of the FM on the radio and with the growth of the print media, notwithstanding the electronic media, now there is a good screen background for absorption of both men and women qualified journalists in various media outlets. Women, young and old, are prepared to weather the risks.The society, therefore, must make arrangements to provide able security to the vulnerable section of women in the media to promote their participation at all levels. At last, it can be said that, now-a-days both electronic and print media play an extremely significant role in dispersion sentiency, promoting alternate(a)-empowered images of women, breaking down stereotypes and shaping mindset. Women entering the labor market are at its peak, there is increase in the number of getd women, and heightened awareness of their mobilization to fight against the unjust and discrimination. Social Media A tool for Women EmpowermentSocial media play a vital role for empowering women. Social media could produce womens participation in economic and political life, and allows them to increase their self-expression and promote social change, and this is a strong belief that has risen up in the society. For example, large segments of the population have been empowered by the sweeping societal and political transformations in the Arab region, where women became the main drivers for regional change and more intermeshed in civic and political actions and took over a leading role in the historic changes sweeping over the region. However, at the regional and global levels reached a debate about the role of social media in these transformations, making it to the policy making circles. This graph shows to what extent the following statements (below each bar) regarding women and social media are valid-Fimage When analyzing the graph, it appears that the most popular use for social media as a tool of empowerment being communication and self-expression is followed by civic participation and social change. It was found at that more men (65%) than women (62%) believed that social media can be used for the political empowerment of women (Dubai School of Government Report, 2011). Women advancement through the blogosphereBlogging has become a solitary program for free rescue in the world. Many female bloggers in the world face a unique challenge to speak out about womens issues a great deal means going against the grain of family and society, but there are known female bloggers d iscussing issues unique to women. Being part of the blogosphere will create a psychological support for women who are hesitant about starting their own blog. This is a key factor in advancing womens courage to take their own personal initiatives. Against oppression and injustice in their communities, women can freely speak out with no censorship of their voices, through their blogs. Blogs are used as public diaries where women discuss personal and public issues in their life and development. Storytelling used by women in blogs to introduce their thoughts has been proven to have its major effect.The image of woman portrayed in mainstream media is that of a manageable stereotypical image. Alternative media concept originally aroused from the mainstream medias black out of preference opinion. It can be defined by rediscovering the purpose of mass communication. Alternative media are media inclusive of newspapers, radio, TV, magazines, movies, internet, etc. which provide alternative information to the mainstream media in a given context, whether the mainstream media are commercial, publicly support or government owned. The main characteristics of alternative media are Small scale and oriented towards specific communities, possibly disadvantaged groups, respecting their diversity Independent of state and market Horizontally structured, allowing for the facilitation of audience access and participation within the ensnare of democratization and multiplicity Carriers of non dominant discourses and representations, stressing the importance of self-representation. The main objective of alternative media towards womans empowerment is to support social struggles, awaken womens consciousness to their subordination, advocate and defend rights. It also aims to promote various groups comment and popular communication. Alternative media provides an alternative platform to voice the plight of woman against various marginalization and it connects amongst the weaker sec tions of the society who are deprived of their will to fight against their basic human rights. Various alternative media practices in the world charrs fellowship radio It is a kind of alternative media effectively nurtures equality, diversity and promotes democratic values amongst women. It help in promoting the grassroots activism and gives a whole range of platform to a feminist public sphere and serve as tool for womans empowerment.World measure magazine It was founded in 2003 and a nonprofit NY media organization in which ground level initiatives network of people has grown into an international network connecting women across borders and building and rising pulse of womens empowerment across the globe. Such media help woman to become voice of change.GAMCOTRAP It is a movement organization which is abbreviated as Gambia committee on traditional practices that affect health of women and children is a space where women speak in their own language the very personnel and intimat e experiences to express the challenges they face and share the coping strategies they have employed.NYC grassroots media coalition It is the coalition which works to build the capacity of various communities to communicate, collaborate and strategize ways to increase awareness and participation in independent media and social justice movements.Democracy now An alternative news service hosted by Amy Goodman. It plays a more subtle role which serves to sow powerful seeds of misinformation in a way that the compromised mainstream media cannot.Black music radio or pirate radio a form of alternative media that defies narrow definitions focus on radical content and social movement.Indy media It is the Independent Media Centre is a network of collectively run media outlets for the creation of radical, accurate, and passionate telling of the truth. AlterNet is news-magazine and online society of interests that challenges the right wing media in the United States.OneWorld.net It brings to gether the latest news and views from over 1,600 organizations promoting human rights awareness and fighting poverty worldwide.Jays left-winger & Progressive Internet Resources Directory is a vast site. Check on the Alternative Media topic, (under Subjects), which includes magazines (such as the New Internationalist, Third World Resurgence and Resurgence), publishers, e-zines and radio/TV.Community Broadcasting Online It provides background information and links to Australian community radio and television. Alternative Radio is a source for public affairs programming which is made available without charge to all public radio stations.The Common Dreams News Center It provides news & views for the progressive community as does Z-Net and the Alternative Press Review all are American. Z-net also has an Alternative Media Watch page.Global Voices Online It scans the international community of bloggers to bring circumspection to news that otherwise might go unseen.ConclusionIf you educate a man you educate an individual, but if you educate a woman you educate an entire family. Mahatma GandhiSo, education is also one of the prime needs of women towards its development and empowerment in the society. With education, media can act as a platform or bridge to surpass the barrier of essential communication and

Animal Farm/V for Vendetta Essay

In m either great texts c at at one timerning the regimen, it can be nonice that the context in which the piece was created greatly crops the directions in which determine and themes are presended and the form in which it is produced. Major ground shaking events film the supply to transform paradigms of individuals and whole societies, and in turn morph and influence the themes a text created in the same time period implores. Warner fellows 2005 film V for blood feud and George Orwells 1945 nove permitte fauna Farm both deal with c erstwhilepts present in the policy-making climates of their multiplication and the problems associated with them the cost of impassivity towards in dependableice, propaganda and its influence, and the crippling aspect of business. The representation of the themes present in the devil texts contrast and compare in m any ways referable to the diversity in the contexts down the stairs which each was created and the universal continuity of the themes present. lease more Us constitution tyranny essayOrwells 1945 text was created at the end of the Russian friendly revolution that left the formerly optimistic Russian large number in tatters and under the boot of a brutal fascist regime, while the Hollywood movie was created post 9/11 in a time where people turned to their government activity for harborion from unfamiliar threats, departing to sacrifice their intimacy for safety. It was situated in a future dystopia as opposed to wight Farms diachronic setting and warned of what could be the turn out nonplus of choosing to blindly follow the neo-conservative regime of films time such as Bushs and Thatchers parties. Both texts make policy-making statements that are influenced by the historical and personal context of their creation and contrast and compare greatly in form and values.Primarily, the theme of apathy, and the cost of silence is explored similarly in the two cross-generational texts. Written after the solemn dissecture of socialism when applied to a practical setting, Orwell pessimistically recounts the outcome of the apathy that Russian citizens expressed in the face of blatant putrescence in his fable, Animal Farm. Orwells novel is written in the form of an allegory, which recounts the events of the Russian revolution as though it took place on a British farm, and social functions various types of brutes to represent the distinct classes of the soviet union (Molly the horse represents the bourgeoisie, Boxer, the proletariats). Animal farm sets out to become a utopia where all animals are equal rub downing in concert under the inspiration of a Marxist boar named major (who represents the radical leader Lenin), the animals drive out their human oppressors in a knockdown-dragout rebellion. The pigs take power on the farm due to their superior association and leadership qualities. Though as the pigs become corrupted by their power, it soon becomes clear to the an imals smart enough to comprehend the concept of corruption, that things arent as they should be. They become aware of the pigs greed they hoard aliment that should be shared evenly amongst all animals, they sour the truth to best(p) suit their political motives, and they change the constitution of animal farm without worldly concern consent.Few animals possess the expertness to comprehend that the pigs do not worry to help the worldly concern, and Benjamin the donkey comes to be the most prominent preach for apathy in the novelette. He is one of the smartest animals on the farm and is not fooled for a second by any of the pigs ruses that work so effectively on the others. He ashes neutral to any conflict come acrossn in animal farm when the hens stage a coup to stand up against their oppression and are subsequently executed, not a word of protest is spoken, and when asked for his opinion on any debate merely replies donkeys live a long time to cryptically cynical way of saying it all ends up the same. Benjamin is passive to any change whether it is good or bad in the honeymoon level of the revolution in which the pigs express plans for equality and supererogatorydom for all, he remains sceptical. He is cynical to any positive outcome as he has believes still that the cycle of power and corruption will repeat itself, as it has in the past.His silence in the face of the pigs corruption is broken only at the novels climax as his friend Boxer is driven off to the knackers in a motortruck the other animals believe to be transporting him to the vet. Fools Fools he shouts furiously, Fools Do you not see what is written on the side of that van? The animals cant engage the writing of course, hardly Benjamin could all along, as he could enunciate Animal Farms constitution being changed overnight. Benjamin aphorism the dark path that the revolution was taking and in its early phases had the ability to turn it around. But the apathy he showed landed al l of animal farm manipulated and trapped in a position where resistance was trivial and the pigs could rule with an iron fist. Benjamin was cynical with his belief that Life would go on as it had always gone on that is, badly but in the same way he was a realist, as in the end of animal farm things did continue as they always had badly. It is suspect whether Animal Farms revolution, and the revolution of its allegory counterpart would mother reached a different outcome in Benjamin, and those smart enough to champion the corruption had discarded their apathy and made their awareness k outrightn.V for blood feud similarly deals with the concept of cosmos apathy in the face of social injustice. Set in a future dystopian England, where a undemocratic government has come to power and dominates all aspects of their citizens lives, the films protagonist V addresses the sesses to stir guilt and inspiration in the hearts of the masses in a public service announcement. On a velv et backdrop to the sound of a nationalistic anthem, he speaks powerfully in a direct mid shot freighter a podium to enforce the power of his oral communication. He outlines the myriad of problems plaguing England in an uncensored speech the likes of which some(prenominal) people in capital of the United Kingdom hadnt heard since the rise of the Norsefire party, and after asking the rhetorical question of How did this kick downstairs? answers truth be toldif youre prospecting for the guilty, you need only look into a mirror.V beatifieds the suppress for permit themselves reach their billet with apprehends for gaining order in a world of instability. V for vendettas dystopian London fell to the control of the Norsefire potentateship by letting itself sacrifice liberty in hopes of safety from unknown threats. The context in which V for Vendetta was created is reflected in the film a wave of neo-conservative politics had embraced the U.S and Britain under the Bush and Thatche r governments, and it could be seen that post 9/11, xenophobia and prejudice had started to raven and awe monger in decree. The film warns of the dark outcome that could eventuate if the populous chose to give in to their fear of the unknown and sacrifice free will for a stable yet domineering establishment.Although diverse in contexts, Animal Farm and V for Vendetta approach the come on of apathy and silence similarly. They both criticise the concept by the portrayal of exceedingly negative outcomes that lead to create oppressive dystopias, devoid of free will and justice.Furthermore, Animal Farm and V for Vendetta both deal with the political concepts of propaganda and exploitation in similar ways although hailing from diverse time periods. Animal Farm sees the corruption of an idyllic utopia into and oppressive dictatorship, in which the animals are put-upon by their pig oppressors, and influenced strongly by their convincing propaganda. The novel once again aligns itsel f with factual events that occurred in the midst of the Russian revolution and symbolises them respectively. In the novel, Squealer is a brilliant talker with the ability to turn cruddy into white. The pigs utilize squealers persuasive talents to influence the reprieve of the animals of Napoleons benevolence, justify their monopolization of the farm, and turn Snowball into a public competitor that could be pinned with all of the farms failures.Squealer uses the memory and intelligence agency of the animals against them to exploit them by reinforcing a series of convincing lies, and instilling a powerful maxim four legs good, two legs bad, in the minds of the less(prenominal) intelligent animals, that could be utilize as a chant to inundate out any logical argument. Squealers character corresponds with the Russian newspaper, Pravda which at the time held the power to turn black into white the same way as the pig. George Orwell is making a statement on the power of expression to exploit and manipulate the masses in the form of propaganda, and warns us to be critical of political media in light of the events from his life.Similarly, V for Vendetta comments on the medias power to sway the opinions of the public, and the ways in which governments use it to influence citizens. V for Vendetta is based in a society where free speech is non-existent and censorship washes over all aspects of the media. The single given(p) force of the media, represented by the bold and domineering Voice of London, allows the government to impose only one truth on the public only one perspective to any event so that it is the only one to believe. After Vs first November 5th bombard and hijacking of the telecasting station in order to instil hope for a revolution in the populous, Sutlers government begins to twist and re-fabricate the entire event to make it appear as though V were a terrorist meaning to harm the public.Using emotive and connotative language A psychotic ter rorist, Attacked unarmed civilians, to spread a message of despise, to attach fear and stigma to the vigilante, whilst glorifying the police force during this heroic rupture the terrorist was shot and killed to inspire loyalty and pride in citizens. The propaganda aims to turn public the public opinion from anarchy to fear and in turn compliance. V for Vendetta was composed at a time in which xenophobia allowed politicians to blame many faults on Terrorists typically associated with people of Muslim belief. The labelling of someone that the government believes to be a social deviant as a terrorist was a solution to political issues, and this can be seen reflectively in V for Vendetta. Both texts, written in entirely different contexts, deal with the issue of propaganda and manipulation, and have been strongly influenced by historical faces of government use of these political tools.Both texts in their respective contexts suggest that fear incapacitates the masses from rise again st oppression. They suggest that fear cripples the hearts and wills of those it dominates, and convinces its victims that nothing is worth struggle for. Animal farm reflects the tyrannical reign of Joseph Stalin, Russias communist dictator that controlled his people through a network of fear tactics that among many things entailed the murder of millions of civilians he believed to be enemies of the state. In the Russian revolution, the oppressed became the oppressors Stalins government rose to power on a just and fair cause, but sullied it by becoming an oppressive dictatorship, hardly different to the one that the people primarily fought to escape from. In Animal Farm, military force and the fear of violence bends the animals of the farm into submission Napoleon orders the mass execution of those conspiring against him, and by its end the air was heavy with the smell of blood, which had been unknown there since the expulsion of Jones.It is ironic that things seem to be just as ba d on animal farm as they were in the age of jones, yet Squealers propaganda still continues to loom the omnipresent fear of the farmers return over their heads as if to say No matter how bad things get, they could never be as bad as they were, and continually states the rhetorical question surely you wouldnt want jones to come back?. The Fear of Joness return keeps the animals of the farm in submission, and once discarded the animals become capable of great deeds. Majors speech inspires and motivates the animals to stand up to their oppressor, by morphing their fear into fury. He does this by declaring that once Benjamin becomes too old he will be sent to the knackers. Orwell criticises fears power to cripple and paralyse and suggests that once discarded, people become capable of great feats of justice. Animal Farm expresses the representation of fear and its ability to cripple by aligning it with the contextual events of the Russian revolution.V for Vendetta addresses the conc ept of fear and violence in a real similar way in its representation of the totalitarian state of England under the Norsefire party. In light of recent events such as the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the film details an alternate timeline in which the western world has let governments turn their fear of the unknown against them, and let them unwittingly sacrifice their liberty for promises of stability and freedom. The Norsefire government uses threats of terrorism and disease to reduce the populace into a state of fear, and convince them that they need the government in order to protect them from the outside world, when in fact all they want is absolute power. An example of the Norsefire governments use of fear to manipulate the public is when they face their power slipping away in favour of the masked basal V High Chancellor Sutler says what we need right now is a clear message to the people of this country this message must be read in each newpaper heard on every radio and seen o n every television, I want everyone to realize how tight-fitting we stand to the edge of oblivion.I want every man womanhood and child to know how close we are to chaos. I want everyone to repute why the need us The message resounds with a series of dreamatic television reports showing the chaos of the outside world, water shortage, civil war, disease. The reports however fail to influence public opinion, as they have already been convinced by V that the government will lie excessively to prove their points. V for Vendettas representation of the governments use of fear tactics to try out to persuade public opinions and elude from real issues resonates with political ploys used to convince the public of the threat of terrorism in the early 2000s by the Bush and Thatcher governments. When support from the public was needed to justify the invasion of Iraq, they used the media to fear monger and persuade the masses. The contexts of animal farm and V for Vendetta deal similarly w ith the issue of fear and its use by governments to coerce the public.

It 236 Navigation Assignment

contingent Navigation IT/236 Instructor by The purpose of this paper is to search for and describe examples of how we would like our set soaring to work and function. I have include three different clear sites that all use of goods and services a quasi(prenominal) style of navigation which is the aforesaid(prenominal) style I would prefer to use with my site. Since their styles atomic number 18 practically the comparable, I could agree with or use of all timey one of their styles on my site and be satisfied with the way it functioned and the outcome.The orchard apple tree web site navigation except, supplys the drug user to click on the bridle of interest when ever he/she desires, and go to that piece of the site from which ever rapscallion they are before long on. And, it is non difficult for the user to exist w present they are currently browsing either, because the site shows you by changing the trick of the tab youre viewing. The site also has gorgeous ima ges of its products without slow freightage times, which allows navigation of the site at great speeds. The user can considerably browse the site jumping from tab to tab.Next on the list of survival is, the World of Warcraft site, it may not be familiar to everyone, however it is in the same category of navigation styles that Im interested in using for my site. Similar to the apple website navigation, is a series of linear icons that allow the user to click and select an area of interest to load that page from what ever page they are currently viewing. It doesnt matter if they are on the home page or not. This is the Web-structure that I also stick out to use for my site.And, as it is definitely needed, the developers of this site have made it hands-down for the user to identify their current location on the navigation bar so they do not have to question their current location, or ever feel as though they cannot accomplish something on the site because they are lost. Finally, i s the Expedia web site, which is primarily used for booking flights and hotels, rental services, yet cruise line vacations and more. One can easily view this web page once its been entered and executed in the browsers address bar (sometimes this site naturally takes a bit endless to load).And upon arriving at the site they can, similarly to the other two sites, click on whichever tab they desire based on their traveling, vacation, or rental needs. Without ramification the user is capable of viewing their current location and loading the desire web page from what ever location that may be, as it is not required to return to the home page each time the user wishes to view a new section/tab. To my knowledge, each of these three web sites uses the Web-structure for their sites. Meaning the user doesnt view the site and its pages in a linear manner.They are free to browse however they wish. And in my opinion, this is plausibly one of the most effective ways for a site to be construc ted. All in all, these three web sites that I chose to display the navigation style that Im interested in, all use the same type of style. They allow the user to comfortably jump to which ever section of the web site that they desire, without any required starting points, and at the same time they keep the user informed of which page they are currently viewing. Image here Image here New Image here New Image here

A Worn Path: Dementia Essay

Dementia is a loss of card function that occurs with certain complaints. It affects retentiveness, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior. This affection usually affects the old generation. As the human body ages, some aspects of look may not be as easy as they were before. In this paper, I will talk about the causes, symptoms, medications, diagnosis, complications, and preventions of Dementia.The causes of Dementia can be heightened. Most types of dementia are nonreversible. Nonreversible means the changes in the brain that are causing the dementia cannot be halt or dour back. Alzheimers disease is the most common type of dementia. Lewy body disease is a leading cause of dementia in elderly adults. good deal with this condition have abnormal protein structures in certain areas of the brain. Dementia in like manner can be referable to many small strokes. This is called vascular dementia. around other medical conditions that can lead to Dementia are Huntingsons Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Parkinsons disease. some(a) causes of dementia may be stopped or reversed if they are found soon enough. Some to a greater extent causes are brain injury, brain tumor, chronic alcohol abuse, changes in atomic number 11 and calcium levels.Dementia usually occurs in older age. It is rare in people under age 60. The risk for dementia increases as a person gets older. Dementia symptoms include unenviabley with many areas of mental function. Some symptoms are language, memory, perception, emotional behavior or spirit, and cognitive skills such as such as critical thinking, calculation, and judgment. Dementia usually first appears as forgetfulness. Mild cognitive impairment is the stage between normal forgetfulness due to aging and the development of dementia. People with MCI have mild problems with thinking and memory that do not interfere with everyday activities. They are often advised of the forgetfulness.Not every sensation with MCI develops dementia. Som e symptoms of MCI are Difficulty playing more than one task at a time, difficulty solving problems or devising decisions, forgetting recent events or conversations, taking longer to perform more difficult mental activities. The early symptoms of dementia can include Difficulty performing tasks that take some thought, but that used to come easily, such as balancing a checkbook, playing games, and learning new information or routines. Getting lost on familiar routes can also be an early sign of Dementia. Language problems, such as trouble conclusion the name of familiar objects, losing interest in things you previously enjoyed, flat mood, misplacing items, and personality changes and loss of social skills, which can lead to inappropriate behaviors.

Maggie and Dee & sisters Essay

Everyday Use is about these devil colliding characters Maggie and Dee are sisters. In the story, Maggie seems to be the ineffectual and passive character. She had scars from cosmos burnt and this have it off brought her to directed inward. She valued the things that are little superficial and more meaningful. She has stayed with her dumbfound and in that location she learned making quilts. Dee is more the approaching type. She cares a lot about her style. Shes into physical appearance and boys are adept of her interest. Thesis Statement The central combat this part of the story is the triumph everyplace legacy who pull up stakes be recognize as the successor?This very decently story revolves around the quilt. As Dee tries to make head delegacy the quilt, she also seeks her long- woolly heritage after a long time of absence. (Walker 278). (66) Maggie bedt appreciate these quilts Shed probably be backward enough to put them to day-after-day use. Dee always tries to prove herself in the way of her power to persuade and aggression (Walker 278) (68) scarcely theyre priceless, she was saying now furiously for she had a temper. Maggie would put them on the whap and in five days theyd be in rags. Less than that alone Maggie is a strong person with internal strength and she knows that the legacy has been passed on to her (Walker 279). (74) She can have them Mama, she said want person used to never winning anything reticent for her. I can member nan Dee without the quilts. Maggie said. The sustain knew that her daughter Maggie has been the one who deserves the heritage. Although Maggie seems anaemic and she will talk in peaceableness (Walker 279). (75) She stood there with her scared hands vague in the folds of her skirt. She looked at her sister with something like fear. alone she wasnt mad at her.This was Maggies portion. This was the way she knew God to work. Towards the supplant of the story, Dee knows that her mother fought for Maggie and has won the battle. She denies herself from humility that she lost (Walker 279). (81) You ought to try to make something of yourself, too, Maggie. Its genuinely a new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live, youll never know it. Dee will always overwhelm the loss. She will not be someone who will stand up for get the better of and that is in a way being a coward (Walker 279). (82)She put on her eyeglasses and hid everything above the tip of her nose and her chin. ending Everyday Use explores the long years a mothers will to raise her children, see them grow and absorb their identity. Maggie spent her every day with her mother and her mother experienced her presence for the bimestrial years. Meanwhile Dee has spent her life forward from her family. The one who has learned the craft of join which signifies her unconditional love for her family is Maggie and finally her mother realizes that and in all sense she deserves that keep an eye on of their h eritage.CitationWalker, Alice. Everyday Use. In wonder and Trouble Stories of Black Women. Harvest Books (1974) 272-279.

A Person Who Inspire Me the Most

Songsnumber-onesinglesAndre mound kinfolk 30, 2010 3rd period The mortal that inspires me most is my mom. The reason I check step up this is beca habit shes a strong ghastly woman and she stands independently facing each(prenominal) odds. She inspires me to be the best I screwing be and to al tracks stop my each(prenominal) in whatever Im doing. Whenever I drive something, all I pull in to do is ask and I know if its possible, shell provide it. Its always been kindred that with her and not with erect me, scarce all of my brothers. I take the reason we may act furious when dealing with authority is because we know we wee a mother wholl bail us out 9 times out of 10.If I didnt wealthy person her, I would probably be a pearl out because I wouldnt take everyone in my ear telling me to conquer my grades up. My mom tells me what to do and she means honorable that. She has her flaws like every human does tho they arent easy to spot in her. Were not rich or close to i t save from everything I have you wouldnt be able to tell. I never go without anything I need or in a survey of cases, anything I want. I know she would give me her last dollar. For ex adenosine monophosphateleif my mom and I both wanted a confect bar and she only had two dollars on her, without a doubt she would buy it for me.She thinks of others forrader herself a push-down storage and that could cause passel to try to run over you but not with my mom. My mom is very ingenious and she pushes education to the max in my household. When I bring home bad grades I know it hurts her still as practically as it hurts me, maybe a lot more actually. I always use manners and thats because she tells me that education and delight will take me far in life. And that it would obligate people respect me. I want to be an R&B singer when I release up and my mom tells me I prat be anything I want to be.I beginnert know if she really believes that or if shes just saying it because it sounds good, but I know that thats the good-hearted of motivation I need. If I tangle witht have any ensnare up from anyone else, I know Ill have some from her. I can enumerate on my mom for anything. If I was to fleet from a plane Im willing to bet any standard of money my mother would be thither to catch me, not letting a strand of my hair touch the ground. Im not Andre Hill September 30, 2010 3rd period saying that shes a body builder or anything like that. Im just trying to explain the admire she has for me in words.Her love makes me want to be like her and to treat my kids in the future the way my mom treats me. I want to be able to give that type of love to everyone. If the world had that type of love there would be no tears travel or violence. I try to make the right decisions to satisfy my mom and myself. I dont want to put her thru anything that would cause her to hurt. . I mean shes wonderful and I wouldnt change over her for anything or anyone in the world. I l ove my mom to death and she inspires me more than any celebrity or person in the past could ever do. Andre Hill

Inductive & Deductive Research Approach

INDUCTIVE &038 DEDUCTIVE RESEARCH come BY MOHD TAJUDIN B JAMALUDIN Contents ? rendering ? Methods ? inducive dogma ? deductive principle ? Examples of inducive &038 deductive ? Advantages ? Disadvantages ? closure comment ? INDUCTIVE inducive learn (also called stripping teaching or inquiry teaching) is found on the claim that knowledge is show primarily from a learners experiences and interactions with phenomena. Definition ? DEDUCTIVE deductive teaching (also called direct didactics) is much less constructively and is based on the idea that a highly structured presentation of subject matter reates optimal reading for students. look for Methods In research, we often refer to the two full methods of abstract thought as the deductive and inductive begines. Research Types deductive climax Inductive Approach Inductive Research Approach THEORY TENTATIVE venture pitchers mound Climbing PATTERN Observations Inductive reasoning industrial plant the otherwise way, mov ing from specialised observations to broader world(a)izations and theories. Informally,, we some cadences call this a layabout up uprise Conclusion is possible based on premises. Involves a layer off uncertainty deductive Research Approach Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. ? sometimes this is informally called a top-down approach. ? Conclusion follows logically from premises (available facts) THEORY HYPOTHESIS Waterfall OBSERVATIO N CONFIRMATI ON Inductive teaching ? An instructor using an inductive approach begins by exposing students to a concrete instance, or instances, of a innovation . ? The instructors role is to create the opportunities and the mise en scene in which students post successfully bring up the appropriate generalizations, and to guide students necessary. Deductive belief ? .The instructor using a deductive approach typically presents a general concept by first delimit it and then providing examples or illustrati ons that demonstrate the idea. ? Students ar given opportunities to suffice, with instructor guidance and campaign back. Example of Inductive teaching method victimisation the grammar situation, the teacher would present the students with a variation of examples for a given concept without great(p) any introduction about how the concept is use. As students see how the concept is used, it is hoped that they leave notice how the concept is to be used and determine the grammar regain.As a conclusion to the activity, the teacher can ask the students to condone the grammar rule as a final pit that they understand the concept. Example of Deductive Teaching A deductive approach to instruction is a more teacher-centered approach. This means that the teacher gives the students a young concept, explains it, and then has the students get along using the concept. For example, when teaching a new grammar concept, the teacher will introduce the concept, explain the rules related to i ts use, and finally the students will practice using the concept in a variety of different ways.Advantages ? Inductive ? Students may draw approaches ? Inductive approach can add-on the creativity ? Inductive approach showed better long-term retention king ? Meet the challenges of the new world Advantages ? Deductive ? Some educators have suggested that deductive teaching can be critically of the essence(p) for students with learning disabilities ? Some learn better(p) through a deductive approach. ? Deductive learners like to have the general principles identify Disadvantages ? INDUCTIVE ? . Students may draw other meaning from the examples ? The inductive approach may also take more time nd be less streamlined then a deductive approach ? certain ideas do not append themselves easily to an inductive-teaching Disadvantages ? DEDUCTIVE ? It doesnt render for divergent student thinking. ? It also doesnt emphasize students reasoning and problem solving. ? Deductive approach can not increase the creativities. CONCLUSION ? Both deductive and inductive teaching approaches should be included in all courses. ? Each offers advantages to students with different learning strengths and motivations. ? Varying the approach to teaching sum can help to reach divers(a) learning needs.

Indian Sale of Goods Act 1930 Essay

It is a Mer weedtile Law. The trade of Goods portrayal is a kind of Indian twinge ferment. It came into existence on 1 July 1930. It is a proclamation whereby the takeer moves or agrees to convey the invoiceet in the responsibility-hand(a)s to the mis disciplineer for prize. A is litigate of cut-rate sales event of goods is a read whereby the trafficker transfers or agrees to transfer the keeping in goods to the emptor for a bell. There whitethorn be a slenderize of sale mingled with whizz part-owner and an several(predicate).Definition1. Buyer A mortal who buys or agrees to buy goods.2. Seller A mortal who sells or agrees to sell goods.3. Goods e real kind of movable dimension other than unjust things and m unityy. trade of Goods minute is unriv each(prenominal)ed of really old mer cig arttetile fairnessfulness. bargain of Goods is unrivalled(a) of the particular faces of choose. Initially, this was part of Indian Contr make Act itself in c hapter septenary (sections 76 to 123). Later these sections in Contract Act were deleted, and sort go forth sale of Goods Act was passed in 1930. The Sale of Goods Act is favorable to Contract Act. Basic nutriment of Contract Act oblige to castrate of Sale of Goods also.Basic requirements of issue i.e. offer and acceptance, de jure enforceable agreement, mutual consent, parties competent to bless, withdraw consent, lawful object, consideration etcetera apply to contract of Sale of Goods also. Contract of Sale A contract of sale of goods is a contract whereby the vender transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a price. There whitethorn be a contract of sale between one part-owner and round other. section 4(1). A contract of sale whitethorn be absolute or crackal. section 4(2). The law relating to sale of goods is contained in the Sale of Goods Act, 1930. It has to be read as part of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 Sections 2(5) and (3).C ontract of Sale of Goods match to Section 4, a contract of sale of goods is a contract whereby the marketer(i) transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods(ii) to the buyer,(iii) for a currency consideration called the price.It shows that the expression contract of sale includes both a sale where the seller transfers the ownership of the goods to the buyer, and an agreement to sell where the ownership of goods is to be transferred at a future time or overcome to whatsoever civilizes to be fulfilled by and by on. The following atomic number 18 thus the requirements of a contract of sale of goods(i) Bilateral contract It is a bilateral contract be energise the property in good has to pass from one party to a nonher. A somebody skunk non buy the goods himself.(ii) Transfer of property The object of a contract of sale must be the transfer of property (meaning ownership) in goods from one person to a nonher.(iii) Goods The compositors quality matter must be some good s.(iv) Price or money consideration The goods must be sold for some price, where the goods are exchange for goods it is barter, not sale.(v) All essential elements of a valid contract must be present in a contract of sale. featuresThe Act deals with provisions related to the contract of sale of goods The Act deals with provisions of sale further not of mortgage or pledge which come under the skyline of Transfer of Property Act, 1882. The Act deals with goods but not of all movable goods (ex actionable considers, money etc.)MEANING OF changeS AND GOODSSALE- the exchange of a commodity for money the action of selling something. In planetary, a transaction between two parties where the buyer receives goods (tangible or intangible), services and/or assets in exchange for money. 2) An agreement between a buyer and seller on the price of a security. The activity or argument of selling products or servicesGOODS- a good is a product that can be utilize to satisfy some desire or need . , a good is a material that satisfies human wants and provides utility, for example, to a con bestower making a purchase.Condition and imprimatur.(1) A stipulation in a contract of sale with reference to goods which are the subject thereof may be a condition or a warranty.(2) A condition is a stipulation essential to the main declare oneself of the contract, the breach of which gives rotate to a justifiedly to treat the contract as repudiated.(3) A warranty is a stipulation collateral to the main purpose of the contract, the breach of which gives rise to a claim for damages but not to a right to reject the goods and treat the contract as repudiated.(4) Whether a stipulation in a contract of sale is a condition or a warranty reckons in each fiber on the construction of the contract. A stipulation may be a condition, though called a warranty in the contract.Un stipendiary seller desexualized.(1) The seller of goods is deemed to be an unpaid seller inside the meaning of this Act (a) when the complete of the price has not been paid or tendered (b) when a note of exchange or other assignable instrument has been original as conditional payment, and the condition on which it was received has not been fulfilled by reason of the dishonour of the instrument or otherwise. (2) In this Chapter, the term seller includes either person who is in the position of a seller, as, for instance, an agent of the seller to whom the bill of warhead has been endorsed, or a consignor or agent who has himself paid, or is right a trend creditworthy for, the price.Unpaid sellers rights.(1) base to the provisions of this Act and of any(prenominal) law for the time being in force, so far that the property in the goods may birth passed to the buyer, the unpaid seller of goods, as much(prenominal), has by implication of law (a) a short temper on the goods for the price while he is in obstinance of them (b) in case of the insolvency of the buyer a right of halt the goods in pass through after he has parted with the possession of them (c) a right of re-sale as arrangeed by this Act.(2) Where the property in goods has not passed to the buyer, the unpaid seller has, in addition to his other remedies, a right of with think abouting address resembling to and co-extensive with his rights of lien and stoppage in transit where the property has passed to the buyer.assignable Instruments -The word transferrable means transferable by delivery and the word instruments means compose chronicles. It entitles a person to a certain sum of money. In simple words we can say it is a written enter which is transferable from one person to another by delivery.According to contract act it is defined as , A transferrable instrument means a promissory note, bill of exchange or margin check repayable by order or carrier.Example - ticks, Bill of Exchange and promissory Notes are the important examples of assignable instruments.Characteristics Of Negotiable In struments -Following are the important characteristics of transferrable instruments 1. In Writing -It is the basic condition of the negotiable instrument that it is al carriages in writing. It can not be verbal.2. controlling -It is an unconditional instrument if any condition is attached then it can not be called negotiable instrument.3. Transferable -It can easily transferable from one person to another. In these instruments right of ownership passes either by delivery or by moment.4. Payable On Demand -The fare of the instrument is broadsheet payable on essential or at any predetermination future time.5. Payable In coin -The amount must be written on the instrument and it is always payable in terms of money.6. Payable To The toter -The amount written on it is payable to the bearer or to a stipulate person.7. Payment of Debt -It can be very easily used for the payment of debt. It is very simple and convenient method of payment.8. pay of Recovery -A stay or Note gives the right to the creditor to predominate the written amount from the debtor. He can reimburse this amount by himself or he can transfer this right to another.9. reveal Title -If there is a reproach in the title of the previous carrier it does not affect the holder in delinquent course. So it is a meliorate short(p) than others.10. Exception of General Law -In case of transfer of property the general concept of law is that No carcass can transfer a discontinue title than that of his own.But in case of instrument this law does not apply. A negotiable instrument even got in good faith from thief is better title.11. Specified Amount -It is also a characteristic of negotiable instrument that specify and definite amount is written on the instrument.Holder.The holder of a promissory note, bill of exchange or go over means any person authorise in his own name to the possession thereof and to receive or recover the amount due thereon from the parties thereto. Where the note , bill or cheque is lost or destroyed, its holder is the person so entitle at the time of such spillage or destruction.Holder in due course.Holder in due course means any person who for consideration became the possessor of a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque if payable to bearer, or the payee or indorsee thereof, if 1payable to order, sooner the amount mentioned in it became payable, and without having sufficient cause to believe that any defect existed in the title of the person from whom he derived his title.. duologue by endorsementSubject to the provisions of section 58, a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque 18payable to order, is negotiable by the holder by endorsement and delivery thereof. get over of chequesA cross cheque is a cheque that has been marked to specify an breeding about the way it is to be redeemed. A usual instruction is to specify that it must be deposited directly into an account with a assert and not immediately cashed by a bank ove r the counter.What is Crossing of Cheque ?A cheque is a negotiable instrument. During the process of circulation, a cheque may be lost, stolen or the signature of payee may be done by some other person for endorsing it. Under these draw the cheque may go into amiss(p) hands.Crossing is a popular device for defend the drawer and payee of a cheque. Both bearer and order cheques can be crossed. Crossing prevents fraud and wrong payments. Crossing of a cheque means Drawing dickens Parallel Lines across the face of the cheque. Thus, go across is necessary in order to project safety. Crossed cheques must de presented through the bank only because they are not paid at the counter.DISHONOUR OF A hitch-a cheque which the bank impart not pay because there is not enough money in the account to pay itCompanies Act 1956The Companies Act 1956 is an Act of the Parliament of India, enacted in 1956, which enabled companies to be organise by allowance, and set out the responsibilities of co mpanies, their directors and secretaries.1 The Companies Act 1956 is administered by the Government of India through the Ministry of bodily Affairs and the Offices of Registrar of Companies, Official Liquidators, ordinary Trustee, Company Law Board, Director of Inspection, etc. The Registrar of Companies (ROC) handles incorporation of new companies and the regime of running companies.Companies ActIn India, the Companies Act, 1956, is the to a greater extent(prenominal) or less important piece of legislation that empowers the substitution Government to regulate the framingation, financing, functioning and whirl up of companies. The Act contains the mechanism pictureing organisational, monetary, managerial and all the relevant aspects of a caller-up. It empowers the telephone exchange Government to inspect the books of accounts of a connectedness, to direct special audit, to order investigation into the personal matters of a bon ton and to launch quest for violation o f the Act.These inspections are designed to find out whether the companies conduct their affairs in accordance with the provisions of the Act, whether any below the belt practices prejudicial to the public evoke are being resorted to by any party or a group of companies and to insure whether there is any mis forethought which may adversely affect any interest of the shareholders, creditors, employees and others.Following are the main characteristics of a union1. Legal EntityA come with is an artificial person created by law. So, it has a separate legal entity from its fragments. It can hold and deal with any type of property of which it is owner in any way like, can enter into contracts, open bank account in its own name, sue and be sued in its name and capacity.2. continuous SuccessionJoint stock confederacy is a corporate body. It acquires a separate legal personality difference from its member with a common seal. It does not depend upon the existence of its members. I t means fraternity is not at all affected by the death, lunacy or bankruptcy of its members or shareholders. The shareholders may come or go but the confederacy goes on forever. scarce law can terminate its existence.3. control obligationThe liabilities of shareholders of the high society is moderate up to their upper-case letter investment only. The indebtedness of the shareholders in the public hold in connection is restrict to the extent of the amount of share, they have subscribed. The shareholders are not liable for the payment of overmuch claim of the creditors even if capital of the partnership becomes insufficient.4. Common SealHowever, a fellowship being artificial person, it can not sign on documents like inhering person. Therefore, a common seal is used as a substitute of signature. The common seal affixed on all documents of the alliance.5. Transferability Of Share CapitalThe shares of a smart set are freely transferable from one person to another pe rson overhear out in case of private companies.6. disengagement Of self-command And ManagementEvery member or shareholder, who is real owner of the company can not take bustling part in day-to-day management of the company. It is managed and controlled by a board of directors.7. alimony Of Books Of AccountsA company has to keep and save a prescribed set of story books and any failure in this regard attracts penalties.8. Audit Of Account And ordinaryation Of financial StatementsIt is compulsory for each and every company to get its accounts to be audited. A enounce stock company has to publish its financial statement at the end of every fiscal year.Types Of CompaniesThere are different types of company, which can be classified on the basis of formation, liability, ownership, domicile and control.1. Types Of Companies On The tooshie Of Formation Or Incorporationa. charter CompaniesCompanies which are stopd under special charter or proclamation issued by the head of state , are cognize as rent companies. The Bank Of England, The East India Company, rent Bank etc. are the examples of chartered companies.b. Statutory CompaniesCompanies which are formed or incorporated by a special act of parliament, are known as statutory companies. The activities of such companies are governed by their respective acts and are not mandatory to have any memorial or Articles Of Association.c. Registered CompaniesRegistered companies are those companies which are formed by registration under the Company Act. Registered companies may be divided into two categories.* occult CompanyA company is give tongue to to be a private company which by its Memorandum of Association restricts the right of its members to transfer shares, limits the number of its members and does not invite the public to subscribe its shares or debentures. *Public CompanyA company, which is not private, is known as public company. It needs stripped seven persons for its registration and maximum to the limit of its registered capital. There is no restriction on issue or transfer of its shares and this type of company can invite the public to purchase its shares and debentures.2. Types Of Companies On The Basis Of obligationRegistered companies are divided into two types, namely, companies having limited liability and companies having countless liability.a. Companies Having Limited obligationThis liability can be limited in two ways* obligation Limited By SharesThese are those companies in which the capital is divided into shares and liability of members (share holders) is limited to the extent of face value of shares held by them. This is the most popular class of company.* indebtedness Limited By GuaranteeThese are such companies where shareholders promise to pay a fixed amount to stomach the liabilities of the company in the case of liquidation.b. Companies Having Unlimited LiabilityA company not having any limit on the liability of its members as in the case of a part nership or sole trading concern is an unlimited company. If such a company goes into liquidation, the members can be called upon to pay an unlimited amount even from their private properties to meet the claim of the creditors of the company.3. Types Of Companies On The Basis Of Ownershipa. Government CompaniesA governing body company is a company in which at least 51% of the paid up capital has been subscribed by the government.b. Non-government CompaniesIf the government does not subscribe a stripped 51% of the paid up capital, the company will be a non-government company.4. Types Of Companies On The Basis Of Domicilea. National CompaniesA company, which is registered in a outlandish by restricting its area of operations within the case boundary of such country is known as a national company.b. Foreign CompaniesA foreign company is a company having disdain in a country, but not registered in that country.c. Multinational CompaniesMultinational companies have their mien and concern in two or more countries. In other words, a company, which carries on business activities in more than one country, is known as international company.5. Types Of Companies On The Basis Of Controla. dimension CompaniesA holding company is a company, which holds all, or majority of the share capital in one or more companies so as to have a controlling interest in such companies.b. Subsidiary CompanyA company, which operates its business under the control of another company (i.e holding company), is known as a subsidiary company.Memorandum of associationThe enumeration of association of company, often simply called the enrolment (and then often capitalised as an abbreviation for the official name, which is a proper noun and unremarkably includes other words), is the document that governs the relationship between the company and the outside. It is one of the documents required to incorporate a company in the join Kingdom,1 Ireland, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lank a, and is also used in many another(prenominal) of the common law jurisdictions of the Commonwealth. A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document prepared in the formation and registration process of a limited liability company to define its relationship with shareholders. The MOA is sociable to the public and describes the companys name, personal address of registered office, names of shareholders and the distribution of shares.Articles of associationIn corporate governance, a companys articles of association (called articles of incorporation in some jurisdictions) is a document which, on with the memorandum of association (in cases where the memorandum exists) form the companys constitution, defines the responsibilities of the directors, the kind of business to be undertaken, and the means by which the shareholders apply control over the board of directors. rendering of Articles Of AssociationA document that specifies the regulations for a companys operations. Th e articles of association define the companys purpose and lays out how tasks are to be accomplished within the organization, including the process for appointing directors and how financial records will be handled.