Drug Delivery Via The Nasal Route - 1299 Words

Introduction In the past years, drug delivery via the nasal route has established itself as a competitor and an alternative route over other routes of administration. It provides a higher degree of patient compliance and drugs can be painlessly self-administered by the patient (Illum, 2003). Drugs administered through nasal route are absorbed rapidly and can reach therapeutically effective plasma levels quickly due to highly permeable membranes and rich vasculature of the nasal cavity (Majithiya et al., 2006). In addition, the nasal route offers further advantages over the oral route, especially for those drugs that have poor oral bioavailability due to high hepatic first-pass metabolism, pH instability and enzyme degradation in GIT (Ugwoke et al., 2001). Nowadays, the intranasal route has gained more interest to target drugs to the brain and cerebro-spinal fluid by passing the blood-brain barrier. Intranasal formulation of drugs for the treatment of Parkinson s disease (Khan et al., 2010), Alzheimer s disease (Zhang et al., 2004) and psychosis (Kumar et al., 2008) have been elaborated and their therapeutic efficiency over conventional oral dosage form has been verified. Rivastigmine tartrate (RV) is the drug of choice for the treatment of Alzheimer s disease that is characterized by progressive memory dysfunction due to significant insufficient levels of acetylcholine in the brain (Williams et al., 2003). RV is categorized in the class of reversible cholinesteraseShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Limitations Of Delivering Vaccines?2953 Words   |  12 Pagesreasons for growing interest in intranasal administration are discussed, with those relating specifically to vaccinations being considered in more detail. In addition, the main limitations to nasal vaccines are reviewed, taking into account issues with the nasal mucosa and the vaccine formulation itself. Finally, nasal vaccinations that are currently available are discussed as well as the potential future developments in the field. Introduction Vaccinations are the cornerstone of preventing and controllingRead MoreInsulin Pumo- Diabetes Essay example1662 Words   |  7 Pagesenough, but it is one that must be tackled while the patient is also trying to live a more or less normal life† (Jeffocate, 2006, 795). Current research for diabetes is focusing on efficiency and patient satisfaction. The overall goal for insulin delivery is to have a tool that acts like an artificial pancreas and does not significantly affects daily life. Insulin pumps were developed in the 1960s by Arnold Kadish (Alsaleh, 2010). They were very large and inefficient, so they were not widely usedRead MoreWwde1911 Words   |  8 PagesA system of medical practice that aims to combat disease by use of remedies (as drugs or surgery) producing effects different from or incompatible with those produced by the disease being treated. Allopathy is also called ‘modern’, ‘western’, or ‘scientific’ medicine. The term ‘biomedicine’, defined as the ‘application of the principles of natural science, especially biology and physiology to clinical medicine’, is also in use.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Clinical medicine’ is the medical practice involving andRead MoreAromatherapy Candles : What Do They Work?1879 Words   |  8 Pageshave discussed the importance of having the right ingredients in your candle, but we will now explore how aromatherapy actually works. There are two main channels via which essential oils can enter the body and thus relay their therapeutic value; via absorption through the skin and via inhalation. Essential oils can enter the body is via absorption through the skin. This is often through massage, whereby the essential oils are combined with a carrier oil (normally a vegetable oil) and then massagedRead MoreComplications of Obstetric Hemorrhage in the Antepartum and Postpartum Periods1998 Words   |  8 PagesPregnancy and childbirth is a natural process of life in result of timely ovulation and fertilization (Bledsoe, Porter Cherry, 2011). Child delivery occurs daily, usually requiring minimal assistance, however complications can and do arise and as health care professionals it is in our duty to be able to recognise them quickly in order to manage them accordingly (Bledsoe et al., 2011). This essay will focus on complications of obstetric haemorrhage (OH) in the antepartum and postpartum periods.Read MoreNvq Unit 79 4222-331 (Hsc 3047) Essay5131 Words   |  21 Pagestaken Route: verify the route by which the medicine is to be administered and follow procedures Assessment Criteria Outcome 1: Legislative framework for the use of medication in social care settings 1. Identify legislation that governs the use of medication in social care settings The following legislation has a direct impact on the handling of medication within a social care setting. †¢ The Medicines Act 1968 †¢ The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 †¢ The Misuse of Drugs (Safe Custody)Read MoreQuit Smoking Case Study Essay4989 Words   |  20 Pagesconsider a smoking cessation program. As the doctor further proposed, various medications could alleviate nicotine withdrawal symptoms or reduce tobacco cravings. Medications, when combined with a behavioural strategy, offered the safest and surest route to a tobacco-free life. Smoking cessation guidelines Usually a person smoke through sheer excitement, to feed their inquisitiveness about Smoking, to be accepted by peers and mainly young children look-up to parents or other relativesRead MoreCost Analysis of a Poultry Farm in Nigeria7715 Words   |  31 PagesThe uniformity of the flock - The age at sexual maturity During the period 0 – 16 weeks, the main objectives and the means of achieving them are as follows: OBJECTIVES MEANS OF ACHIEVEMENT - Good live ability -Uniform chicks - Good delivery and starting conditions - A bodyweight of 290g at 4 weeks - First class rearing conditions - A starter diet presented in crumb form - Encourage good feeding behaviour and - Develop crop capacity - Avoid a build up of feed in the feeders - LeaveRead MoreHesi Practice31088 Words   |  125 Pagesbeats/minute, a respiratory rate of 28 breaths/minute, and a blood pressure of 60/30 mmHg. For this client the nurse should question which physician order? A. Monitor urine output every hour. B. Infuse IV fluids at 83 mL/hr C. Administer oxygen by nasal cannula at 3 L/min D. Draw samples for hemoglobin and hematocrit every 6 hours. 11. A client is hospitalized with a diagnosis of chronic glomerulonephritis. The client mentions that she likes salty foods. The nurse should warn her to avoid foodsRead MoreRespiratory Distress And The Respiratory System4079 Words   |  17 Pagescan lead to Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome bringing about death. A state of hypothermia leads to cardiac dysrhythmias, increased systemic vascular resistance, tissue perfusion and decreased oxygen delivery (Gandy Grayson, 2012). Providing patients already in shock with cold IV fluids will not increase oxygen to the cells as they are vasoconstricted and their temperature has already dropped to compensate for the lossof blood and fluids. Essentially