Cancer :: essays research papers

cancer Today there are one in three people worldwide who are affected by cancer, and to the highest degree 60% of these people will almost certainly exceed. 7000 New Zealanders die every year from this disease. It is the second largest killer next to heart disease. Cancer does not just affect certain groups of people, it can affect anybody and it is not just one disease, it refers to more than a hundred diseases. Cancer is caused by carcinogens. At present, hundreds of chemicals are known to induce cancer. Normally, the bodys cadres drainage area in an orderly way, allowing the body to grow and to heal after injury. modify or mutations that occur to the proto-oncogenes (POG) and tumour suppresser Genes (TSG) in the genetic significant (DNA and RNA) by these carcinogens bring about Cancer, which causes stallphones to have less control of carrel division and differentiation. POGs lead to changed cells or transformed cells and cause excessive cell division. Further mutations cause the cells to become immortal. These cells continue to divide and form a ball of cells. These cells require a lot of energy and fluids fuseing to say the high tell of the cell division. When these balls become too large for fluids to flow finished, the middle of the ball dies. TSGs act as anti-proto-oncogenes, they regulate the rate of cell division. POGs and TSGs constantly compete to overpower severally other. These TSGs can be mutated and this brings about a change in the control mechanism of cell division. Cells are motherd to divide through a growth factor. Growth factor molecules bind to cell membranes of cells and shoot down a chemical message to a receptor in the cell membrane. The receptor sends a message through the cytoplasm to the nucleus to stimulate cell division. Sometimes when these growth factors are absent the receptor in the cell membrane is mutated to send out the message to the nucleus. Cells are to a fault stimulated to divide through the two protei ns, cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. When these two join together, this stimulates cell division. These proteins act on the growth inhibitor proteins P53 and PRP, which are growth inhibitor proteins. Tumours may be malignant, spreading or benign, non-spreading. Malignant tumours are aggressive, invasive, and mobile. They invade healthy meander and continue to divide. The original cancer is called the primary tumour. If the tumour is malignant, the disease may develop in other parts of the body where secondary tumours may form.